Scientists at work
Teaching goals
1. Talk about science and scientists
2. Practise giving instructions.
3. Discuss and evaluate pros and cons.
4. Study some rules of word formation.
5. Learn to write am argumentative essay
Period 1
Step 1. Learn the words in this unit.
Step 2. Warming up
1. When you are talking about study, almost all of you think that studying can only happen in the classroom, and it only means listening to the teachers’ explanation. But there can be many means to study. For example, studying in the lab, reading books by yourselves and so on.
2. Look at the four pictures in the book and describe what you can see in each picture.
3. What are the names of the school subjects in which you study science? (physics; chemistry and biology)
4. Examples of what you learn in each field of science. (on the screen)
5. When you do experiment in the physics lab or in the chemistry labs or in the biology labs, are there any rules for you to obey? Of course there are a lot. What are these rules? Try to make a list of theses rules.
6. Ask individual student to speak out their rules.
Step 3. Listening
1. First look at the exercises in the book and make a guess. What we are going to hear. The rules in the lab. That is, what the students should do and what they should not do.
2. Tack the answers that Mrs Zhu talks about.
3. Listen once again and answer the questions in Ex 2.
4. Check their answers together first individually and then on the screen.
Step 4. Video show
1. Let the students watch a video about what should be done and what should not.
Step 5 Homework
1. Collect some information about the rules in your physics lab or in your chemistry lab or your biology lab. And write down the rules in your exercises books.
2. Prepare TALKING on page 89.
Period 2
Step 1 Revision
1. The new word in this unit
2. Listen to the students’ rules for the physics, chemistry or biology labs.
Step 2 talking
1. Look at the pictures on the screen and talk about the dos and don’ts in a lab.
2. Talking exercise. Give proper safety instructions according to the various situations in the book.
Step 3 Speaking
1. The dialogue is about the different opinions of the high speed maglev train in Shanghai. What is a maglev train like? Look at some pictures on the screen.
2. Listen to the tape about the dialogue. And learn to talk about advantages and disadvantages of a high-tech.
3. How to talk about advantages and disadvantages? Look at the useful expressions in the book.. Students read the sentences togther.
4. Discuss in groups about the advantages and disadvantages about “cloning; nuclear energy; computers and space flights”.
5. Listen to the students.
Step 4 Homework
1. Oral homework: Prepare a dialogue about advantages and disadvantage of a high-tech, making a debate or argument.
2. Preview the text.
3. Find out some information about Benjamin Franklin and say something about him in the next class.
Period 3
Step 1 Revision
1. Listen to the students’ debates about a certain kind of high-tech, such as cloning, nuclear energy; computer, or space flight.
2. Check the students’ memory about the useful expressions in the book.
Step 2. A Competition
1. Check the students’ common sense about some famous scientists and what inventions did they make.
2. Talk about Benjamin Franklin
Step 3 Reading
1. Fast reading and listening: let the students to read and listen to the tape to decide true or false statements about the text.(on the screen)
2. Skimming: let the student read the text again and find out some details about the text. (on the screen.)
3. Read the text for a third time and choose the best choices. (on the screen).
4. the analyzes of the whole passage
Three parts
Para 1-3: the description of the experiment
When: on a rainy day in June,1752
Where: in a shed in the fields
Who: Franklin and his son
What”: a kite experiment
Why: to prove lightning and electricity are the same
Para 4: the needed materials
A silk handkerchief:
Pieces of light wood: to make a kite to carry the thing
into the sky:
String
A key: to feel the electric shock
Thunderstorm: to produce lightning
A condenser: to collect and store electricity
Para 5-6 the steps of the experiment
Step 1: fix a piece of sharp metal to the kite
Step 2: fasten a key to the end of the string.
Step 3: tie a ribbon to the string
Step 4: fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears.
5. Answer the questions in post reading Ex 2.
Step 4 Homework
1. Read the text and try to retell it.
2. Find out the difficult words and expressions in the text and refer to some reference books.
Period 4
Step 1 Revision
1. Listen to the students’ retelling the text.
2. Dictate some sentences: (one s writes on the Bb)
(1) In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.
(2) Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning, I decided to do an experiment.
(3) The string was getting charged.
(4) Most kites are made of paper, but a kite made of silk will not tear so soon in weather with rain and strong winds.
(5) Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite.
(6) Fix a very sharp piece of metal, pointing a foot or more above the frame, to the top of the longer stick of the cross.
(7) Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on.
Step 2 language points
1. Analyze the above sentences and translate them into Chinese.
2. some words:
(1)successful---- be successful in (doing) sth; succeed in doing sth;
do sth successfully; have success in doing sth
Were you successful in persuading him to change his mind.
He was successful in politics.
He succeeded in getting what he wanted.
(2) conduct----
The waiter conducted the customers to the door.(lead or guide)
Who conducted this concert today? (direct the performance of)
Copper conducts electricity better than other materials.(allow heat or electricity to pass)
The reporter was criticized for his conduct. (behavior)
(3)charge-----
It takes four hours for my cell phone to get charged.(store electricity)
They charged 2000 yuan for the suit, but I can only pay 800 yuan for it.(ask as a price)
The children charged down the stairs. (rush)
He was charged with murder.(accuse sb of sth)
(4) prove----Give proof of; show to be true
He has proved his courage in the battle.
Facts proved that what you said was completely wrong.
It proved that he is a cheat.
He proved himself to be capable.
The report proved (to be) true. (被证明是)
The drug proves helpful.
(5) tear
I tore my shirt on a nail.=A nail tore a hold in my shirt.
She tore the wrapping off the present.
He got so angry that he tore the letter into pieces without finishing reading it.
They are tearing down the old houses to build new buildings.
Her eyes filled with tears.
主动形式表示被动意思； 连用副词well;easily
sell; wash; write; read; last; tear; wear
The book sells well.
Silk washes easily.
His pen writes smoothly.
Jeans wear/last long/well.
Paper tears easily.
His poems read well.
This kind of cloth wears long.
(6) control
I have no control over him.
Soon the fire spread and got out of control.
He controlled his anger and explain it again patiently.
in control; out of control; under control; lose control of
(7) sense
He has a keen sense of hearing.
She has no sense of humor.
I’m easy to lose my way because I have no sense of direction.
(8)doubt
I doubted my two eyes.
I doubted whether the story was true.
I doubt whether he will appear.
I don’t doubt that we will win the game.
There is no doubt about his ability for the job.
It is beyond doubt that he will help us.
3. Phrases:
(1) in one’s opinion
(2) make use of 利用
(3) a number of 许多
(4) conduct/do//make/try an experiment 作试验
(5) fly a kite 放风筝
(6) get /become charged 充电
(7) electric shock 电击
(8) a great deal of 大量的
(9) tie…to/fasten…to 把…绑在…上
(10) add…to 给…增加
(11) point to 指向 point at 指着
(12) take are 小心
课文疑难解析
1. This new train has no wheels and no engine. 这种新型火车没有轮子，也没有发动机。（Speaking; page 23）
否定句用and连接时，第二个否定词no（not /never）等不宜省略。and也可以改为or，但此时一般用前一个否定词即可。如：
There is no air and no water（= no air or water）on the moon. 月球上没有空气，也没有水。
He never smokes and never drinks.（= He never smokers or drinks.）他从不抽烟，也不喝酒。
2.Here is how he described one of his experiments. 下面是他对自己的一个实验的描述。（Reading, Paragraph 1 ）
here常位于句首，用于引起对某物或某人的注意或用于把某物给某人，后常接倒装语序。如：
It’s ten o’clock and here is the news. 现在是十点钟，下面报道新闻。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来啦！
-I left my camera at home. 我把相机放在家里了。
-Here you are! Use mine. 给你，用我的吧！
3.Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightening, I decide to do an experiment. 在意识到可以使用风筝捕捉闪电之后，我决定做一个试验。（Reading; Paragraph 2）
Having realized that…在这里是现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于After I had realized that…。注意分词的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致，即realized的主语也是I。如：
Having finished his homework, Jack ran out to play basketball. 做完家庭作业之后，杰克跑出去打篮球。
Having been given such a good chance, he wouldn’t give it up to others. 大家给了他这么好的一个机会，他不会把机会让给别人。
4. I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work. 我开始认为试验可能行不通。(Reading; Paragraph 3)
（1）being to do/doing sth：开始下雨了。
She began learning English five years ago. 她五年前开始学习英语。
（2）work: vi.
①工作，从事
She works in a factory. 她在工厂工作。
I spent the whole weekend working in the garden. 我整个周末都在花园里干活。
②（计划、机器等）运作，进行顺利
Does this light work? 这盏灯亮吗？
Your idea won’t work in practice. 你的想法在实际中行不通。
5. This experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same. 这个实验证明了闪电与电是相同的。（Reading, Paragraph 3）
prove意为“证实；证明”，常用作及物动词，后接名词或that从句或复合宾语；也可用作系动词，后接形容词或动词不定式，意为“证明是；显示出是”。如：
In order to prove her point, she showed them the latest sales figures. 为了证明她的观点，她给她们看了最新的销售数字。
The fingerprints on the gun proved that she was the murderer. 枪上的指纹证明她就是凶手。
They proved her（to be）guilty. 他们证明她有罪。
6. The string was getting charged！绳子正在被充电！(Reading; Paragraph 3)
（1）get charged意为“被充电”。get在这里是联系动词，作“变得”解，（相当于become），表示状态的改变，后接形容词或过去分词作表语。如：
When I heard what he had said I got very angry. 听了他所说的话，我非常生气。
He got drunk, so I sent him home. 他喝醉了，所以我把他送回家。
He always got lost in the forest. 他总是在森林中迷路。
In the crowd I got separated from my family. 在人群中，我和家人失散了。
（2）charge:
①charge for要价、收费
How much do you charge for a double room? 双人间你们收费多少？
This shop doesn’t charge for delivery. 这家商店不收送货费。
②charge with控告，指控
He was charged with stealing the jewels. 他被指控偷窃珠宝。
A man has been charged in connection with the murder. 有一个人因与谋杀案有牵连而被控告。
③充电
If the red light comes on, it means the battery isn’t charging. 如果红灯亮，就表示电池没有充电。
Don’t forget to charge the car battery. 别忘了给汽车电池充电。
7. The pieces should be just long enough to reach the corners of the handkerchief. 两片木条的长度可以到达手帕的四角。(Reading; Paragraph 4)
句中的enough是副词，它可以修饰一个形容词或副词表示程度，其后常接一个不定式或for+名词作结果状语。
The room is large enough for us to live in. 这房子大到够我们都能住得进。
Five boxes of apples is enough for the camp. 五箱苹果足够野营食用。
enough可作形容词、名词用，修饰名词时，可置于名词前，也可置于名词后。
He has barely enough money to live on. 他的钱仅够糊口。
In the fall they had money enough for Jurgis and Ona to be married. 那年秋天，他们有足够的钱可让朱吉斯与奥娜结婚了。
特别提醒 can not…enough这一句型表达肯定含义，即“怎么……也不过分”。如：We can not be thankful enough to our Party. 我们对党感激不尽。
8. This ribbon, which mustn’t get wet, will protect you from the electricity. 这条丝带千万不能弄湿，它可以保护你不被电击。(Reading; Paragraph 5)
（1）which mustn’t get wet是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ribbon。
非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不密切，只是起到补充说明的作用，删掉后不影响整个句子的意思及表达，非限制性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，关系代词不能省略，that不能用在非限制性定语从句中，which作关系代词时，既可以代替某一个先行词，又可以代替整个主句。如：
Mary, who has been here for about an hour, wants to ask you for some advice. 玛丽已经来了大约一个小时，她想向你寻求一些建议。
The old lady has two daughters, both of whom have become famous doctors. 这个老妇人有两个女儿，都已成为著名的医生。
He made another discovery, which I think is of great importance to science of our country. 他又有了一项新发现，我认为这对我国的科学非常重要。
He retired to his home town after 30 years, where he grew up as a child. 三十年后，他返回了自己的家乡，他小时候在那儿长大。
（2）protect…from：防卫。
The vegetables were well protected from the cold. 这些蔬菜受到良好保护而未受冻。
9.The key tied to the string was put into the door to stop the kite from flying away. 绑在麻线上的钥匙插到门里以防止风筝飞走。(post-reading; Page 25 )
stop…from：阻止……做某事
They ought to stop the rich from robbing the poor. 他们应当不让富人再掠夺穷人。
What can stop us from doing so if we want to? 如果我们要这样做，有什么能阻挡我们吗？
特别提醒 在主动语态句中，from可省。如：Nothing is ever going to stop them talking. 什么也不能阻止他们谈话。（被动句中from不能省去）
10. There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of. 毫无疑问，100年前的动物测试是残酷的，但今天试验中的动物受到了很好的照料。（integrating skills; Page 27）
（1）There is no doubt that…：毫无疑问……
（2）句中that引导的名词性从句是对名词doubt的解释说明。许多抽象名词之后可以使用that从句。如：
The news that he had not pass the exam depressed him a lot. 没有通过考试的消息让他很沮丧。
They did not believe the report that the area was dangerous. 他们不相信这一地区有危险的报导。
Period 6
Step I Lead-in
Have you done the experiment in biology lab?
Have you seen some animals are used for experiments?
T say to Ss: today we will read a short passage about animal experiment.
Step II Reading
1. Let Ss read the passage carefully and let them make a list of animals used for experiments
(mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, monkeys, sheep,etc)
2. Get Ss to work in groups and discuss how these products are tested on animals and what the effects may be on the animals.
3. T ask Ss: Is AIDS（艾滋病） dangerous and terrible? Is SARS（萨斯） fearful for people? And what about bird flu(禽流感)? Can we cure all the diseases if the people had not been tested on animals? How do you feel about animal experiments?
Step III Writing
T help Ss to understand the persuasive essay
Let Ss write their composition individually.
Step IV Checkpoint
Revise the useful expressions, language points and grammar in this unit
Period 7
Step 1 Revision
1. Have a dictation:
1) British law says that every new drug must be tested on at least two kinds of animals, such as mice or dogs.
2) Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.
3) There is no doubt that 1000 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.
Step 2 A debate
Pros: We should test medicine on animals.
Cons: We should not test medicine on animals.
Step 3 Writing
1. Tips: How to write an argumentative essay.
2. Show a sample for writing.
Step 4: Homework:
Write an essay about animal testing. Remember to choose a title for your essay. Do as the tips tell you to.