1. turn …upside down 翻转
2. come up with 提出，想出
3. make notes of 记录，记下
4. call in 召来，请来
5. range from…all the way to…
范围从。。。一直到。。。
6. that is 也就是说
7. break down 毁坏，受挫
8. become available to… 对。。。有用
9. take advantage of 利用
10. do the work 生效
11. be sensitive to… 对。。。敏感
12. make…sensitive to… 使…对…敏感
13. a variety of 各种各样的
14. contribute to… 对…有贡献，有助于
15. be made up of 由。。。组合成
16. room temperature 室温
17. freezing point 冰点
18. mix with 与。。。混合
19. the relationship between…and…
。。。和。。。之间的紧密联系
20. be measured in 以。。。来测量
21. give off 发出，放出
22. pour…into… 把。。。倒进。。。里面
23. show some examples of sth.
显示一些。。。的例子
24. be used to/for 被用于（做）。。。
25. keep water from floating away
防止水流失
26. play a trick on sb. 给某人恶作剧
27. define sth. 给某物下定义
28. 比较级+than any other +n.(单数)
比其它的任何。。。更加。。
29. benefit from… 从。。。得益
重点句和难句：
1. What are some disadvantages of using water in this way？用这种方式用水的缺点是什么？
2. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way up to giants like sharks and whales.
海洋里的生物从微小的浮游生物到巨大的动物，如鲨鱼和鲸鱼，都无所不包。
3. Water is actually quite simple, but the way the water molecule is formed gives water its unique properties. 水实际上是很简单的，但分子的结构方式却赋予水以独特的性质。
4. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean quickly became available to other living things.
通过任何渠道进入海洋的营养物质都能很快被其他生物所利用.
5. The salinity of the earth’s oceans is about thirty-five parts per thousand, meaning that there are about thirty-five grammes of dissolved solids and gases in one kilogramme of water.
地球海洋里的盐度大约为35% ，意思是说，在每公斤的水中约含有35克溶解的固体和气体。
6. Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties, the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point.
尽管是纯水赋予了海水的主要特征,然而海水的盐度却影响了它的重量和冰点。
7. Density is the relationship between mass and volume and is measured in kilogrammes per cubic metre(kg/m). 密度是指质量和容量的相关程度。
8. Water, which seems so simple and common， is what makes life possible.
水，这个看来是如此简单和普通的东西，就是使生命成为可能的物质。
9. The density of living creatures is higher than in any other habitat on earth.
河口的生物密度比地球上任何其他栖息地的密度都要大。
10. Since estuaries protect animals and plants from storms and folds and prevent erosion，protecting estuaries is very important.
既然河口保护动植物免受风暴和洪水的影响，而且还可以防腐蚀，保护河口就非常重要。
11．Heat capacity is the amount of energy (that) it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree centigrade. 热容量是指一种物质升高一摄氏度所需要的能量。
12. The most important thing (that) we can learn about water, however, is that we must protect it and use it wisely. 然而，在我们所学的有关水的知识里，最重要的东西是我们必须保护水资源和利用水资源。
Unit14
1. put/throw….in prison把…投进监狱 (be) in prison 在狱中
2. receive the Nobel Peace Prize获得诺贝尔和平奖 3．Join hands联手
4.born as a slave一出生就是努力 5.forbid sb. to do sth禁止…做…
6.march on继续前进 7.in the summer of 1963 1963年夏天
8.give a speech to给…做演讲 9.be treated as equal citizens被作为平等的公民对待
10.have (no/ the) right to do sth有（无）做…的权利11.vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
12.set an example to 为…树立榜样 13.achieve the goal达到目标
14.racial/sexual discrimination : 种族/性别歧视 15.people of all races各族人民
16.fight/struggle for为…而战 17.mixed-race marriages异族通婚
18.lead/organize a boycott of…领导/组织对…的抵制19.be free to do sth做…自由
20.no voice, not heard不发言就不会被听到 21.start with : begin with以…开始
22.there was a time when…曾经有一个…的时期 23.in modern times现代
24.regardless of = despite/in spite of 不理会, 不顾 25.at first sight乍一看
26．pros and cons赞成与反对 27．rest on=depend on依靠
28．be subject to服从…，受…支配 29．The shirt feels soft. 这衬衫摸起来很柔软
30．The book sells well这书很畅销
3.In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help runaway slaves.
1850年通过了一条法律来禁止人们帮助那些逃跑的奴隶。
4.Active in the women’s rights movement after the war.战后在女权运动中很活跃。
2.Mixed-race marriages were forbidden by law. 法律规定不允许黑人和白人通婚。
3.Black people had no rights to vote in the Southern states. 南部的黑人没有选举权。
4.King fought for political rights for black people in the USA. 金为美国黑人的政治权利而斗争。
4.King fought for political rights for black people in the USA. 金为美国黑人的政治权利而斗争。
6.All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights. 他毕生相信，如果人们得不到民权，那么就有必要提出改变社会的要求，这样做也是正当的。
7.He believed that he could achieve that goal by peaceful actions, not by violence.
他认为，可以通过和平革命达到社会变革的目的，而不通过暴力。
9.King led a boycott of the bus company. 金领导人们联合抵制汽车公司。
10.In the end the government lawyers in the capital said that the bus company was wrong to separate blacks from whites. 最后该州首府的政府律师说，公共汽车公司无权在车上把黑人和白人分割开来。
12.It was during the “March on Washington DC” in 1963 that he gave the speech “I Have a Dream”, which inspired people of all races to fight for equality.
是在1963年的华盛顿游行过程中他作出了这个鼓舞人们为平等权而斗争的演说--我有一个梦想。
13.In the same year, a new Civil Rights Act was passed and in 1965 a new Voting Rights Bill became law.
在同一年，通过了新的民权法案。1965年一项新的选举权法案变成了法律。
14.From then on, all black people had the right to vote. 从那时起，所有的黑人都有了选举权。
1.Slavery is the system by which some people are owned by others as slaves.
3.The fact that black people share equal rights in America today is in part their achievement.
当今美国的黑人拥有平等权在某种程度上也是他们的成就。
1.Freedom fighters can be found everywhere, and they are of all times.自由战士到处都是，并且无论何时都有。
2.Each age has its own struggle for rights. 每个时代都有他自己的权利之战。
6.What all these groups have in common is that they ask to be treated with respect, share the rights to work, good housing conditions and education and be treated equal to other people in all ways.
所有这些组织（或团体）的共同点就是他们要求得到尊敬，共同享有工作、好的住房条件和受教育的权利以及和其他人一样在各个方面被平等地对待。
7.When Samuel Butler wrote two chapters about the rights of animals and the rights of vegetables in a novel in 1872, everybody thought of that as very funny joke.
当塞缪尔巴特勒在1872年在他的小说中写完两章关于动物和蔬菜的权利时，每个人都认为那是一个很可笑的笑话。
12.You can create original ideas by comparing things that are at first sight very different, such as the needs for nutrition for humans, animals and plants but also for robots and machines. 你能通过对比乍一看完全不同的东西，像人类、动物和植物对营养的需要，以及对机器人和机器的需要来创造新颖的想法。
Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空
1.She covered her face ______ her hands and began to weep.
2.A hammer is used ______ driving in nails.
3.38%______ the population of the city smoke.
4.His interests ranged ______ class ______ skiing.
5.Her excellent English gives her certain advantages ______ other students in her class.
6.Plenty of fresh air contributes ______ good health.
7.So deeply was he absorbed______his work that he forgot his meals.
8.The weather turned______to be very good,which was more than we could expect.
Ⅱ.翻译下列词组
1.全神贯注,专心致志______ 2.有助于,有利于______3.耍诡计,搞阴谋______
4.分解______ 5.在A和B之间变化______ 6.用……来衡量,测量______
7.召集,收回______ 8.面临危险______
Ⅲ.单句改错(每句只有一处错误)
1.No matter who breaks the law,will be punished.
2.Two thirds of the earth are covered with water.
3.The book he gave me is of great beneficial.
4.When the machine broke up,they would send it to us.
5.This novel is so absorbent that I feel absorbed in it.
6.If you continue staying outside,you will be frozen died.
7.-Could I ask you something if you are not too busy?
-Yes,of course you could.
8.Put that cigarette out.You won’t smoke near a petrol pump!
IV.单项填空
1.-I don’t suppose he could have done well in the exam last week,______ he?
-______,he almost failed to pass the exam.
A.had;Yes B.has;No C.couldn’t;Yes D.did;No
2.As we know,sentences can be______into clauses,and clauses into phrases.
A.broken B.broken out C.broken up D.broken away
3.I really don’t know ______ I had my money stolen.
A.when was it that B.that it was when C.where it was that D.it was where that
4.______,he always helps me with my English.
A.However busy is he B.However he is busy C.However is he busy D.However busy he is
5.______,he is looked down upon.
A.Talented though the artist is B.As the artist is talented C.Talented although the artist is D.Are talented as the artist
6.Most of the artists will go to the United States next week.The rest______to visit Japan.
A.has B.have C.are D.is
7.If it ______ so hard,we’d go to town.
A.isn’t raining B.weren’t raining C.doesn’t rain D.has rain
8.She couldn’t have answered the question if she______a few books on world history.
A.hadn’t read B.hasn’t read C.wouldn’t read D.didn’t read
9.Nothing could have saved him ______ he had been tended without delay.
A.if B.even though C.as though D.once
10.-It was 3 o’clock ______ we arrived at the village.
-Oh,it was also at 3 o’clock ______we arrived at the village.
A.when;when B.when;that C.that;that D.that;when
11.-Good morning,Grand Hotel.-Hello,I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.-______
A.What can I do for you? B.Just a minute,please. C.What’s the matter? D.At your service!
12.He made another wonderful discovery,______of great importance to science.
A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is
13.It was only when I reread this poems recently______I began to appreciate their beauty.
A.until B.that C.then D.so
Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空
1.with 2.for 3.of 4.from;to 5.over 6.to 7.in 8.out
Ⅱ.翻译下列词组
1.be absorbed in 2.contribute to 3.play a trick on 4.break down 5.range from A to B 6.be measured in 7.call in 8.face dangers
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.will前加he 2.are→is 3.beneficial→benefit 4.up→down 5.absorbent→absorbing 6.died→dead 7.could→can 8.won’t→mustn’t
V.单项填空
1~5 DCCDA 6~10 CBABB 11~13 BAB