章节 第八单元
关键词
内容
一、目的与要求
复习第一至第七单元出现过的语法项目
二、语言运用
运用所学的食物名称及有关“就餐”的日常交际用语，完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、写的任务；阅读课文“Food around the world”，深刻理解，完成有关课文内容的练习，并进一步练习定语从句，被动语态及各种动词时态的用法。
三、日常交际用语
本单元复习第一至第七单元的交际用语，小结如下：
1．介绍问好
①Hello/Hi. Nice to meet you.
②I’ll introduce you.
③Give one’s regards/best wishes/love to sb.
④I must go/be leaving now.
2．建议要求
①Here are some do’s and don’ts.
②Follow…instructions.
③What about…?
④Make sure that…
⑤Do what he/she tells you to do.
3．请求帮助
①Would you please say that again more slowly?
②Pardon? I’m sorry I know only a little English.
③I don’t quite fllow you.
④How do you pronounce/spell…?
⑤I have some difficulty in doing…
⑥What does…mean?
4．祝愿
①Have a good time.
②Good luck. Have a good tip.
③The same to you.
5．餐桌用语
①Would you like another piece of beancurd?
②How about some more…?
③Just a little, please…
④No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
⑤Help yourself to…
⑥Let me give you…
四、重点与难点分析
1．-Would you like another piece of beancurd? -要不要再吃一块豆腐？
-Yes, please. -好的，谢谢。
在口语中Yes常与please连用，“Yes, please”意为“好吧”，与此相反的是“No,
thinks”，如：
①-Would you like another glass of juice? -还要一杯果汗吗？
-No, thanks. -不用了，谢谢。
②-Have some more cake, please. -请再吃点蛋糕。
-No, thanks. I’m full/I’ve had enough. -不用了，我已经饱了。
2．What a delicious supper! 多么美味的晚餐啊！
一般情况下三餐前不用冠词，have breakfast, have lunch, have supper吃早、中、晚
饭。但当三餐前有定语修饰时，要带冠词，如：
①After a quick breakfast, Mary hurried to school. 匆匆吃过早饭后，Mary赶去上学。
②What a nice dinner we had at your house! 你家的晚饭太可口了！
3．Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.
两人一组，轮流请对方吃，第二部分中出现的食物。
△Take turns to do表示轮流做某事。It’s one’s turn to do…表示轮到某人做某事，如：
①They took turns to keep watch. 他们轮流站岗。
②It’s your turn to recite the passage. 轮到你背这篇短文了。
△offer 提供 r.n.提供之物
①He offered 10,000 dollars to help the poor. 他拿出1万美元帮助穷人。
②Could you offer me a cup of coffee, please? 请给我一杯咖啡好吗？
③My sister was offered a good chance to go abroad for further study of English.
我姐姐得到了一个出国深造英语的好机会。
④Would you like to accept the offer? 你愿意接受这个帮助吗？
⑤Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感谢你所提供的帮助。
4．When Christopher Columbus and his friend…, they discovered the plant “corn” there.
Discover vt. 发现，看出，指揭示久已存在但从未被人知晓的客观事实，如：
①Many years ago, electricity was discovered. The discovery made people’s life changed a
lot. 许多年前人们发现了电，电的发现使人们的生活发生了巨大的变化。
②We have discovered that he is a quite careful in his word. 我们发现他工作很仔细。
另一个动词invent指创造客观世界上从未有过的新事物，词义为“发明”，如：
①The computer was invented after electricity was discovered. It is one of the most
important inventions in the world.
发现了电之后才发明了电脑，电脑的发明是世界上最重要的发明之一。
②Electricity was not discovered by Edison, but he invented the electric light.
电不是爱迪生发现的，但他发明了电灯。
5．…there was not enough room for the population.
那儿已经没有足够大的地方装下这么多人了。
room在这里是一个不可数名词，意为空间，与space相近。
①There is no room left for the newcomer. 新到的人已经没地儿了。
②He took up too much room in our room. 他在我们的房间占了很大的地儿。
6．They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice.
这是一个定语从句，意为：他们需要一种不象稻谷那样需要水的作物。
7．It is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.
这是一种非常有用的作物，可用许多不同的方法制做成食物。
1) prepare调制
How do you prepare the fish? 你怎么做这鱼？
2) prepare sth. Prepare to do sth. 准备……
①He is preparing his speech for tomorrow’s meeting. 他正在准备明天大会的演讲稿。
②I was about to prepare supper when the bell rang. 我正要做晚饭时门铃响了。
③What are you preparing to offer me? 你准备为我提供点什么？
④He is preparing to go abroad. 他正准备出国。
3) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人对某事有思想准备。
①The teacher is preparing the students for the coming examination.
老师让考生对即将到来的考试做准备。
②We must be prepared for failure again. 我们必须做好再次失败的心理准备。
4) be prepared to do sth. 乐于做某事。
①He’s not prepared to listen to your excuse. 他不乐意听你的解释。
②I’m prepared to help others. 我乐于助人。
8．Sometimes they cook it whole over an open fire.
有时候他们把整只玉米放在露天的火上烧烤。
whole表示“全部”一般不用来修饰复数名词，强调个体的完整。
①They cooked a duck whole over the fire and soon a delicious smell came out.
他们烤了一整只鸭子，很快香味就飘出来了。
②The man ate an egg whole at a time. 那人一次吞下一整个鸡蛋。
注意whole一般放在限定词后面，名词前，而all则放在限定词前面，如：
the whole class（整个班） my whole life（我整个生命）
three whole days（三整天） all my books（我所有的书）
all the students（所有的考生） all three days（三整天）
9．In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.
世界上还有许多地方把玉米磨成粉。
1) be made into意为“原料被加工成了……”
①We can make glass into different kinds of things. 我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。
2) be made of指“成品是由什么原料制成的”能看出原材料。be made from则看不出
原材料。
①Gas is made from coal. 煤气是由煤产生的。
②This kind of wine is made from grape. 这种酒是葡萄制成的。
③The desks are made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。
④The cloth is made of cotton. 这种布是用棉花制成的。
3) be made up of“由…组成”
①The novel is made up of ten parts. 这部小说有十部分组成。
②The sports team is made up of eleven members. 这支队由11人组成。
10．A number of other plants were found in America. 在美洲还发现了许多其他的作物。
A number of表示“很多”，与a lot of用法相同，后面接复数名词，如：
①A number of birds come to KunMing for the winter eveay year.
每年冬天有大量的鸟飞到昆明。
②A number of students are playing on the playground. But I don’t know what the number is.
很多学生在操场上玩，但我不知道有多少人。
the number of表示“…的数目”，谓语动词用单数，如：
③The number of the students in our school has risen this year.
今年我们学校学生的数目上升了。
五、定语从句
1．从定语从句和它修饰的先行词关系来看，有限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。
说 明
例 句
限制性定语从句
限定了先行词的范围和意思，这类从句不能省去。
I’ve found a man who can help you.
我找到了一个能帮助你的人。
Autumn in Beijing is the season which is neither hot not cold.
北京的秋天是不热也不冷的季节。
The factory where he worked was built in 1940.
他工作的那工厂建于1940年。
Is this school the one you visited yesterday?
这是你昨天参观的那所学校吗？
非限制性定语从句
只是对附加词进行补充说明，在意思上相当于一个并列的分句，如果省略，剩下的主句意思仍然清楚。书写时，从句和主句之间要用逗号分开，不能用that引导。
I knocked at the door of the chemist’s, which immediately opened.
我敲了一下药店的门，门很快就开了。
She has a sister, who is a musician.
她有一个是音乐家的姐姐。
They set up a school, where there were lots of students studying.
他们建了一所学校，有许多学生在那儿学习。
2．关系代词的用法
关系代词
用 法
例 句
that
做从句的主语或宾语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。
The table that stands over there is made of wood.
那边的桌子是用木头做的。
The book I gave you is well worth reading.
我给你的那本书很值得读。
The man that is talking to my father is my English teacher.
和我父亲谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。
which
做从句的主语或宾语，先行词是表示物的名词或代词。
The school (which) we visited is a famous one in Beijing.
我们参观的那所学校是北京的一所名校。
She hasn’t got enough money with which to buy the ring. 他没带够买戒指的钱。
who
whom
做从句的主语、宾语，其先行语为表示人的名词或代词。
Do you know the man who often makes speeches here?
你认识那个经常在这儿做演讲的人吗？
Who’s the woman (whom) you just referred to?
刚才你指的是哪个人？
whose
做从句的定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。
LiMin is the boy whose father is an engineer.
李明这个男孩的爸爸是工程师。
I live in the house whose windows face north.
我住的房子窗子朝北。
3．在介词后的关系代词只能用whom（先行词为人），which（先行词既可是人也可
是物）
这就是刚才你和我谈起的那个人
This is the man about whom you just talked with me.
This is the man (whom) you just talked about with me.
这就是我三年前住的房间
This is the room is which we lived three years ago.
This is the room (which) we lived in three years ago.
4．关系副词的用法
关系副词
基本用法
例 句
when
在从句中做时间状语，其先行词为表示时间的名词或代词。
I still remember the day when I joined the Youth League. 我仍然记着入团的那一天。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我永远不会忘记在农场工作的那段时光。
when
在从句中做地点状语，先行词为表示地点的名词和代词。
This is the bridge where you took photos.
这座桥是你照像的地方。
why
在从句中做原因状语常与reason连用。
I know the reason why she was angry.
我知道她为什么生气了。
5．定语中只能用that，不能用which的情况
▲被修饰的先行词为不定代词，all, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one等时，如：
We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
Do you mean the one that I bought yesterday? 你指的是我昨天买的吗？
▲先行词被only, any, few, little, no, one of, just, very等修饰时，如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的是等待。
The is the right person that I’m waiting for. 他就是我等的人。
△先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词时，如：
When we talk about WuXi, the first that comes to mind is Tai lake.
当我们谈起无锡时，首先想到的是太湖。
This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我校本学期放映
的第三部片子。
△先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，如：
The must important thing that should be done is how to stop him from going on.
最重要的是如何阻止他继续下去。
This book is the best one that I’ve read. 这本书是我看过的最好一本。
△如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词用that，以避免重
复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
爱迪生办了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。
6．定语从句中只能用which，不能用that的情况
△关系代词前有介词时
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
动物园是展览各种动物的乐园。
Is this the room in which Mr White lives?
这就是white先生住的房间吗？
▲which在从句中代替的是前面整个句子的意思时，不能用that
The street hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.
街道好多星期没打扫了，因此整条街很脏。
He takes exercises everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.
他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。
六、典型例题
1．-Who do you know the electricity?
-I don’t know who did it. But I know that Thomas Edison the electric lamp.
A. invented; invented B. discovered; invented C. found; found D. discovered; found
2．- beancurd you’ve cooked!
-It’s very kind of you to say so.
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
3．Wood can be made a great number of things. Look, this kind of paper is made
wood.
A. into; of B. into; from C. from; into D. of; from
4．-Would you like another piece of cake?
- .
A. Yes, please B. Yes, thanks C. No, please D. Yes, if you like
5．- .
-Thank you.
A. Make yourself at home, Eat some fish B. You can eat some more fish by yourself
C. You’re free to eat some fish D. Help yourself to some fish
6．The farmers do their best to the market with enough vegetables.
A. supply B. feed C. prepare D. offer
7． students is more than two thousand in this school.
A. The number of B. A good many C. A number of D. plenty of
8．The car was too 6 people.
A. crowded with B. full of C. filled with D. small to
9．After the new technique introduced, the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the
year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
10．-Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
- .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, go on D. Yes, help youself
答案：1-5．B、D、B、A、D 6-10．A、A、A、C、D
8．这辆车坐6个人太挤了，be crowded with意为“拥挤”
9．工厂引进新的技术之后，1988年生产的拖拉机是去年的2倍
10．“help yourself ” 除了有“自用食物”的意思外还有“自己动手做”的意思
七、语法练习
1．Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.
A. till B. when C. since D. which
2．The train she was travelling was late.
A. by which B. on that C. on which D. /
3．Is some German friends visited last week.
A. this school where B. this school one C. this the school D. this school
4．Is there anyone in your class home is in the country?
A. who’s B. his C. whose D. that
5．He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here.
A. which B. that C. who D. they
6．This is the only verb can be used in this sentence.
A. that B. which C. it D. /
7．This is just the place I’m longing to visit these days.
A. where B. to which C. / D. to where
8．The house he visited yesterday was the one the great writer lived many years
ago.
A. where; where B. which; which C. where; which D. which; where
9．The taxi a truck had knocked last night was destroyed.
A. which B. where C. at which D. into which
10．All is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
答案： 1-5．B、A、C、C、B
6-10．A、C、D、C、B
2．She was travelling by brain. 所以此题应选A。
3．此题考查对先行词的判断能力。“This is the school,” “school ”是先行词。如果没
有“the”, “this school ”后面要加“the one ”代替先行词“school”, This school is the
one that…
5．当先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用“that”。
7．关系代词在从句中做宾语可以省略。
8．“The house ”在从句中做“visited ”的宾语，“the one ”在从句中做地点状语。
这句话的意思是：他昨天参观的那所房子几年前是一个伟大的作家居住的地方。
9．介词后用which. “knock at ”表示碰撞，昨天晚上一辆出租车被卡车撞坏了。
10．先行词是“All ”，关系代词只能用that。