§2.1词句贯通
1.collision n.碰撞，冲突
a head-on collision正面冲突或相撞
He was killed in a car collision.
他在一次汽车相撞中死亡。
His car had a collision with a bus.
他的车与公交车相撞了。
A collision with Parliament could ruin the government’s plans.
与议会的冲突可能会破坏政府的计划。
be in collision (with)/come into collision (with)(与……)冲突，相撞，发生矛盾
The two ships came into collision.
那两只船相撞了。
People with revolutionary ideas may find themselves in collision with the forces of the law.
想革命的人会发现他们自己与法律的势力水火不相容。
2.permanent adj.永久的，固定的，长期不变的
permanent peace 长久的和平
a permanent job 固定的职业
The drug may cause permanent brain damage.
这种药可能会引起永久性的脑部伤害。
This is my permanent address.
这是我的固定居所。
After doing odd jobs for a week, he got a permanent job.
做了一个星期的零工后，他找到了一份固定工作。
3.voyage n.航海，航行
The ship set out on a long voyage.
那艘船出发进行长途航行。
The voyage to England took seven days.
这次去英国的航行时间是七天。
We made a voyage to Australia.
我们航行到了澳大利亚。
He is now on the voyage home.
他正在返航途中。
David went on a voyage around the world.
大卫作了环游世界的航行。
When I give up work I shall make/take a long sea voyage.
我离职后要作一次长途航海旅行。
4.aboard adv.在船(飞机、车)上，上船，上飞机
All aboard!各位请上船(飞机、车)!
Welcome aboard!欢迎大家乘船(飞机、车)!
All 257 aboard died in the airliner crash.
那次飞机失事中，机上的257名乘客全部遇难。
We got aboard though the boat was crowded.
虽然船上很拥挤，我们还是上了船。
He came running along and climbed aboard just as the train was to pull out.
就在火车即将开动时，他跑过来了并爬上了火车。
5.gentle adj.温和的，温柔的，有礼貌的，文雅的
Mothers are always gentle with their children.
母亲对待孩子总是温柔体贴。
My new teacher is both gentle and encouraging toward me.
我的新老师对我既温和又鼓励。
Mary is very gentle; she never talks roughly.
玛丽很文雅，她从来不说粗话。
She was small, and gentle in her voice and movements.
她小巧玲珑，声音温柔，动作文雅。
She gave the baby a gentle pat on the back.
她在小孩的背上轻轻地拍了一下。
6.throw light on/upon使……显得非常清楚
The modern scientific development has thrown light on this question.
现代科学的发展已使这个问题明朗化。
Can you throw any light on the problem?
你能把这个问题阐述清楚吗？
The information throws light upon the mystery of Dr Bake.
这个信息可以解开贝克医生之迷。
7.matter n.事情，问题[C]；物质，内容[U]
a private matter 私事
the matter under discussion 讨论中的问题
Political matters interest him greatly.
他对政治问题深感兴趣。
It’s no laughing matter.
这不是开玩笑的事。
The world is made up of matter.
世界是由物质组成的。
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
物质以三种形态存在，即固体、液体和气体。
The matter in your essay is excellent.
你文章的内容写得很好。
8.phenomena n.[pl.]现象，奇迹(单数形式是phenomenon)
Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather.
下雨和下雪是天气现象。
The phenomena were observed by astronomers throughout the world.
全世界的天文学家都观测到了这种现象。
That’s a natural phenomenon.
那是一种自然现象。
An eclipse is an interesting phenomenon.
日食是很有趣的现象。
Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.
贝多芬是音乐家中的奇才。
A child who can play the piano at the age of two would be called a phenomenon.
两岁就能弹钢琴的小孩可称为奇才。
9.labour n.努力；劳动，劳动果实
mental labour 脑力劳动
physical labour 体力劳动
Workers are paid for their labour.
工人以劳动获得报酬。
His new book is the product of some three years’ labour.
这本新书是他大约三年努力的成果。
It is labour to read the Bible through.
读完圣经是件相当吃力的工作。
10.hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑，踌躇
She hesitated before picking up the phone.
她在拿起听筒前犹豫了一下。
She’s still hesitating about sending her son to college.
她对于要不要送儿子进大学一事仍然犹豫不决。
We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Paris.
去巴黎要住哪儿，我们很少有拿不定主意的情况。
Don’t hesitate to tell me if you have any requests.
如果你有什么要求，请告诉我，不要犹豫。
I hesitate to ask you, but will you recommend me for the post?
向你提要求真不好意思，请你推荐我去担任那项职务好吗？
hesitation n.犹豫，踌躇
without hesitation毫不犹豫
I had no hesitation in telling the truth.
我毫不迟疑地说出了实情。
§2.2发散思维
1.distance n.距离
当询问距离是多少时，要用what提问。
What’s the distance to London?
到伦敦的距离是多少？
distance的修饰语常用some,good,great,long,short等。
It’s a good distance away.
离得很远。
The villagers have to walk a long distance to get water.
村民们要走很远去取水。
distance常构成下列短语：
within walking distance“在步行可及的地方，几步之遥”
The park is within (easy) walking distance of my house.
公园离我家只有几步之遥。
My parents live within walking distance of me.
我父母住在我家附近。
at/from a distance (of)“从远处”
This picture looks better at a distance.
从远处看，这张画更好看。
Now and then he stepped back to look at his work from a distance.
他不时地退后几步从远处看一看他的作品。
One can see the ancient ruins at/from a distance of 20 miles.
人们从20英里之处就能看到这个古迹。
in the distance“在远处，远方的”
A ship could be seen in the distance.
可以看到远方有一艘船。
I made out three figures moving in the distance.
我看到远处有三个黑影在活动。
keep sb.at a distance “与某人保持一段距离，不很亲密”
Mr.Smith is kind to the workers in his store, but after work he keeps them at a distance.
史密斯先生对他商店的工人很好，但下班后却与他们不很亲密。
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
很难搞懂她，因为她总是与人保持一定的距离。
2.attention n.注意力，注意，留心，关心
It is difficult to hold the students’ attention for more than an hour.
要让学生们持续集中注意力达一个小时以上，真是很难。
This matter requires our close attention.
这件事我们必须密切注意。
He drew attention to the rising unemployment.
失业率日渐升高引起了他的注意。
We listened with attention to what he said.
我们倾听他所说的话。
My grandfather is over eighty and needs a lot of attention.
我的祖父年过八十，需要经常照顾。
The patient needed immediate attention.
这位病人需要立即治疗。
常构成的短语：
pay/give attention to 注意
attract/catch/draw/get one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
focus one’s attention on 集中注意力于
devote one’s attention to 专心于
turn one’s attention to 将注意力转向