Language points in reading:
1.Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories:
be made up of 由….组成的
e.g. The medical team is made up of ten doctors. 这个医疗队是由十名医生组成的
Our class is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls. 二十个男生和十五名女生组成了我们的班集体
This is made up of three different parts. 它是由三个不同的部分组成的。
[区别] be made of 由….制成的 (能看出原料)
be made from由….制成的 (不能看出原料)
be made into 被制成….
be made in 被制造于….
Exercises: This car _______________Japan.
Are all animal bodies ________________cells?
Glass can ____________________glasses.
Glasses _____________________glass.
keys: is made in ; made up of ; be made into; are made of
[复习]make a face; make friends with ; make ends meet; make fun of; make a living; made room for; make up; make up one’s mind; make use of
2.The capital of Australia is Canberra, a city located between Sydney and Melbourne.
located 在这里是过去分词，与后面的部分构成了分词短语做后置定语修饰city.
单个分词做定语常放在被修饰词的前面
e.g. a fallen tree一棵倒下的树 a broken chair一把破椅子 stolen cultural relics被盗的文物
surprised look吃惊的表情 a drunk man 一个醉汉
但是分词短语做定语往往放在被修饰词的后面做后置定语
e.g. money stolen by the fellow; gold hidden under the mud; teachers followed by the students
locate vt. 把….安装于… 把….创建于….
e.g. They located the city Canberra between Sydney and Melbourne.→
The city Canberra was located between Sydney and Melbourne. 因此写成分词的形式就必须用过去分词。
学过的类似用法的词
Students interested in reading may go to the library every day in our school.爱好读书的学生每天可以去图书馆。
The enemies stationed on the hill were defeated. 驻扎在小山上的敌人被打败了。
The boy surprised at what he saw couldn’t say a word. 男孩对所见的事非常吃惊，一句话都说不出来。
3.Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stand for all the territories.
Represent → stand for vt. 代表
e.g. Our party represents the people.我们的党代表人民的利益。
They said they represented the team.他们说他们代表整个队。
The foreign minister represented the country at the conference.
在会议上外交大臣代表国家。
4. Australia is a young nation on an ancient continent.
on a continent 是一个介词短语， 意思是： 在陆地上 有如下文当中的
In the seventeenth century, European explorers began arriving on the continent.
arrive vi. 应该与at, in 连用。在这on the continent 是介词短语。
5. Their culture was highly developed.
highly adv. 高度的，非常的，很高地，（多修饰过去分词或形容词）
e.g. The boy was highly praised.他受到了高度赞扬。
He was a highly skilled flier now.现在他是一个技术高超的飞行员。
The industrial life of China is not yet highly developed.中国的工业还没有迅猛发展。
He is a highly trained journalist in Paris.在巴黎他是一名受过严格训练的记者。
6.Later, when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America, Australia was chosen as a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.
本句中有一个重要的句式：主语+make+it+adj.+for sb. + to do sth.
e.g. Teachers always make it clear for the students to do the experiment.实验前老师们总是为学生们讲解清楚。
You’d better make it clear before we start. 我们开始前你最好讲明白。
The heave rain made it impossible for us to go for a sight seeing.那场大雨让我们的观光成了泡影。
The 2008 Olympic Games makes it important for Chinese to learn English.
2008年的奥运会提高了中国人学英语的重要性。
Computers make it easy for us to look for information both at home and abroad.
电脑使我们很容易在网上获得国内外的信息。
where prisoners and criminals were sent 是一个定语从句，修饰place.
exercises:用which 或where 填空：
This is the room _______I lived when I was young.
This is the room _______I lived in when I was yong.
Do you still remember the place_______ we played in last summer holiday?
Do you still remember the place_______ we played last summer holiday?
We often go to the place_______ there are many tall trees after school.
Keys: where; which ; which; where; where
7.As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
as a consequence 相当于as a result 结果
8.Many Aborigines and islanders were moved and had their land taken away from them.
复习句式have sb./sth. done.
[比较] have sb. /sth. do.
have sb./sth. doing.
have sth. to do.
Exercises
Tomorrow I will go to Beijing , do you have something __________ （买）？
I am very busy, so I have to have my hair ___________(理) on Sunday.
I have many much homework _____________ (做)，so I can’t go with you.
The two cheats had the lights ____________(亮) all the night.
Mum has a lot of housework ___________(做)every day.
Our English teacher had me ___________(站) in class, because I couldn’t recite the text.
Keys: bought; cut(过去分词) ；to do; burning; to do ; stand
9.In the early twentieth century, Australia resembled the USA of the eighteenth century:
resemble →look like 看起来象，显得象
注意：resemble没有被动语态，没有进行时态
e.g. She resembles her sister.她长得象她姐姐。
So many hotels resemble each other.许多旅馆都很相似。
The plant resembles grass in appearance.这种植物外型象草。
10. The First World War had a strong influence on Australia.
have a strong/great influence on /upon 对…有很大的影响
e.g. Attitude of parents has a great influence on/upon their children.
父母的态度对孩子有很大的影响。
Literature and art have a strong influence upon/on people’s ideology.
文艺对人们的思想有很大的影响。
[拓展]under the influence of 在…的影响之下
e.g. Under the influence of the monitor, the students worked hard.
11.Australian English differs in pronunciation from British and American English.
differ vi. differ in = be different in 在…方面是不同的
e.g. The twins differ in character. 这对双胞胎性格相差很大。
We have much in common, but we differ in appearance.我们共同点很多，但长得不象。
differ from… in….
e.g. Chinese differs greatly from English in pronunciation.汉语在发音上与英语差很远。
[拓展] differ with/ from sb. on/about/upon sth. 某人就…问题与别人意见不一
e.g. We differ with/from him on/about/upon that question.就这个问题我们与他意见不一。