单元要点
Word study
1. bacteria 2. powder 3. standard
4. conscience 5. nephew 6. frost
7. handwriting 8. overcoat 9. wage
10. anyway 11. god 12. admit
13. foolish 14. clap 15. partner
16. abundant 17. warmth 18. taxpayer 19. personally 20. occupy 21. constant
22. welfare 23. clerk 24. composer
25. novelist 26. firm 27. shadow
28. ambition 29. noble 30. gain
31. bond 32. indeed 33. goose
34. selfish 35. bishop 36. choir 1. 细菌 2. 粉末 3. 标准 4. 良心
5. 侄子，外甥 6. 霜 7. 笔迹 8. 外套 9. 工资 10. 无论如何 11. 上帝
12. 承认 13. 愚蠢的 14. 拍手
15. 伙伴，搭档 16. 丰富的 17. 温暖
18. 纳税人 19. 就自己而言，亲自
20. 使忙碌，占有 21. 经常的 22. 福利 23. 职员 24. 创作者 25. 小说家 26. 公司 27. 影子 28. 雄心
29. 高贵的 30. 获利 31. 契约
32. 的确 33.. 鹅 34. 自私的
35. 主教 36. 合唱队
Useful expressions 1. care for 2. leave alone 3. in want of
4. close up 5. pick sb’s pocket 6. have eyes for 7. make money 8. do sb good
9. take sb’s/sth’s place 1. 喜爱，照顾 2. 不管，随……去
2. 需要 4. 关闭，使靠近 5. 扒窃
6. 喜欢 7. 挣钱 8. 对某人有好处
9. 代替某人/某物
Sentence
patterns & Communicative English
表示祝愿：
God save you! God bless it! Merry Christmas! A Merry Christmas! Long life to him!
Grammar 状语(Adverbial)
1. 状语可以由副词、介词短语、不定式或不定式短语、分词或分词短语、形容词、词组、复合结构及从句来表示，间或可以用名词作状语。
He got up early to catch the early train.
The boy lay on the ground, with his eyes staring at the ceiling.
2. 分词或分词短语作状语时，要考虑分词或分词短语与其逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的逻辑关系。主动的用现在分词，被动的用过去分词。
Scolded by his father, the boy was very sad.
Walking through the woods, the two men came across a big bear.
3. 状语从句根据其作用分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句和比较状语从句。
He didn’t attend the meeting, because he was ill.
You must do everything the way I do.
Topic &
Writing 掌握谈论有关社会责任感的话题的方法。
Warming up
…the time in which he lived 他所生活的时代
[点拨] in which he lived是定语从句，修饰the time。这里是“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词which代指the time。
e.g. I will never forget the day on which I first met him.
我永远都不会忘记我4第一次见到他的那一天。
[点拨] time 名词，表示（与某情况、经历等有关的）时期。
e.g. University is a good time for me. 我的大学时期十分愉快。
Listening
During our sleep we often have dreams. 我们睡觉时经常做梦。
[点拨] dream 用法小结：
1. 名词：梦，梦想 have a dream (of/about …) 做梦，梦（见…）
realize one’s dream实现梦想
e.g. I have a recurrent dream that I’ve turned into an elephant.
我屡次梦见自己变成了大象。
My son’s dream is to be an astronaut. 我儿子的理想是当宇航员。
3. 动词：做梦，梦想 过去式和过去分词是dreamed 或者dreamt.
dream of/about sth/doing sth 梦见某事物。
e.g. I dreamt about flying last night. 我昨夜梦见我在飞翔。
Was it real or did I dream it?是真的还是当时我在做梦？
He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist.
他梦想有朝一日成为著名的小提琴家。
What does Scrooge have to do to avoid Jacob’s fate? 斯克罗奇要怎样做才能避免雅各布的命运？
[点拨] avoid 动词 “stop (sth) happening, prevent” 防止发生（谋事），预防
avoid sb’s fate 避免某人的厄运。
The reason why Jacob Marley appears in Scrooge’s dream to warn him is probably because…雅各布玛利出现在斯克罗奇的梦里警告他的原因可能是……
[点拨] why Jacob Marley appears in Scrooge’s dream to warn him是定语从句修饰先行词the reason。当定语从句的先行词是reason 时，定语从句可以用why, for which 或者that（关系副词） 引导。
Speaking
Scrooge has no friends except his partner, Marley 除了他的合伙人玛利以外，斯克罗奇一个朋友也没有。
[点拨] except 介词，意思是“除了…以外”。Except用法小结：
1. except +名词
e.g. The restaurant is open everyday except Monday.
这家商店除星期一外，每天都营业。
2. except +代词
e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation.
除了我以外，所有人都收到了请柬。
3. except +介词短语
e.g. He looked everywhere for the book except in the bedroom.
除了卧室以外，为找那本书他到处都找遍了。
4. except +v-ing形式
He does everything except washing clothes.
他除了洗衣服外，什么活都赶。
5. except+动词不定式
He desired nothing except to go abroad for further study.
他只求出国深造，别无他求。
6. except + that从句
He has no special bad habit except that he smokes too much..
他没有什么特别的坏习惯，就是烟吸得太多。
7. except + when/where/why等从句
It happens every day, except when it rains.
除非是下雨天，天天如此。
I understand everything except why she killed him.
我一切都明白，只是不理解她为什么把他杀死。
8. except for + 名词/代词
e.g. Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 你的作文除有几个字拼错外，其余都很好。
Neither Scrooge nor Marley care for other people. 斯克罗奇和玛利都不喜欢别人。
[点拨] care for sb 意思是“喜欢某人，照顾某人”。
e.g. I really care for the students in my class.
我确实喜欢我班里的学生。
The child is well cared for. 这孩子被照顾得很好。
[点拨] care for sth 意思是“愿意或同意（做某事），希望或喜欢（做某事）”，用于否定句或疑问句，尤与would 连用。
e.g. Would you care for some coffee? 来点咖啡好吗？
They do not care about their employees, their families or poor people in society. 他们不关心他们的雇员、家人和社会上的穷苦的人们。
[点拨] care about 意思是“感兴趣，关心”，多用于否定句和疑问句。
e.g. Don’t you care about anybody? 你难道谁也不关心吗？
I don’t care about what happens to him. 我才不管他的事呢。
…some people forget that business is not only about making money and profits. 一些人忘记了做生意不只是为了赚取金钱和利润。
[点拨] 此处，make 意为earn, gain, acquire 赚取（某事物）；获得；取得。
e.g. She makes $15 000 a year. 她一年挣15 000美圆。
He made a fortune on the stock market. 他在股票交易中发了财。
…to protect the people working for them. 保护为他们工作的人们。
[点拨] working for them “为他们工作”在这里是现在分词短语作定语，修饰the people。
e.g. The boy talking with Mary is my son.
正和玛丽谈话的那个男孩是我儿子。
There are also cases of food polluted with poisons or bacteria. 也有一些食品受毒药或细菌污染的事例。
[点拨] case 此处意为“事例，事实，实例”。
e.g. Could you give us a concrete case? 你能给我们举个具体事例吗？
另外，case 还可意为“状况，情形；病例，患者；案件等”。
e.g. This is not the case in our country.在我国情况不是这样的。
He is the first case of cancer the young doctor has treated.
他是这位年轻医生医治的第一位癌症患者。
The case is in fovor of the defendant. 案情陈述有利于被告。
[点拨] case 短语总结
1. in case +从句 或者in case 作状语
意思是“because of the possibility of sth happening”“以防万一，万一”。
e.g. It may rain-take an umbrella with you in case (it does).
可能下雨---你最好带把伞，以防万一（下雨）。
2. in case of sth 意为“if sth happens” “假如，如果发生某事”。
e.g. In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 遇火警时立即按警铃。
3. in any case意为“whatever happens or may have happened” “无论如何，总之”。
e.g. Be sure to try your best in any case. 无论如何都要尽你最大的努力。
4. in that case意为“if that happens or has happened; if that is the state of affairs” “既然那样；假如那样的话”。
e.g. You don’t like your job? In that case why don’t you leave?
你不喜欢这份工作？那你怎么不辞掉呢？
5. in no case意为“in no circumstances” “在任何情形下决不，无论如何都不”。
e.g. He would in no case give in.他决不会屈服的。
Reading
Frost stands on the window. 窗户上结着霜冻。
[点拨] stand 此处意为“在某处，位于”。
e.g. A tall poplar tree once stood here. 这儿曾经有过一棵高大的白杨树。
If I hear another word from you, you will go where it is really cold. 我要是再听你说一句，我就让你到真正冷的地方去
[点拨] 本句中where it is really cold 是状语从句，表示地点。
本句也可以这样表示：If I hear another word from you, you will go to the place where it is really cold.
e.g. Bamboo grows best (in the place) where it is warm and cold.
竹子在温暖潮湿的地方长的好。
Put the raincoat (in the place) where you can easily find it.
把雨衣放在你容易找到的地方。
That’s a poor excuse for picking a man’s pocket every twenty-fifth of December! 每年的十二月二十五日掏人腰包，这个借口不充分。
[点拨] poor 此处意为“不好的，不充分的，不充足的”。
e.g. We had a poor crop of wheat this year. 今年我们小麦歉收。
[点拨] pick sb’s pocket ---steal money, etc from sb’s pocket 扒窃
have one’s pocket picked 遭扒窃
e.g. He had his pocket picked in the supermarket. 他在超市里遭扒窃了。
Anyway I suppose I will have to let you have it. 不管怎么说，我想我会答应你的。
[点拨] anyway 副词，意思是“无论如何，即使如此(whatever the facts may be; in spite of this)”。
e.g. Whatever you say, I’m going anyway. 不论你说什么，无论如何我也要去。
Let me leave it alone, then. 我才不管它呢.
[点拨] leave sb/sth alone/be ---not disturb or interfere with sb/sth 不打扰或不干预某人[某事物]。
e.g. I’ve told you to leave my things alone. 我告诉过你不要动我的东西。
Much good may it do you. 愿它能给你带来好处！
[点拨] do sb good = do good to sb ---benefit sb “有益于某人“。
e.g. Eat more fruit; it will do you good. 多吃水果，对你有好处。
…women and men open their hearts freely and think of other people男人女人们自由地敞开心扉为别人考虑。
[点拨] open one’s heart “敞开心扉”
open one’s heart to sb “同情；向……讲心里话”。
e.g. Mr. Smith opened his heart to the poor little boy.
史密斯先生对那个可怜的小男孩充满了同情
Mary felt much better after she opened her heart to her mother.
玛丽向母亲讲了心里话之后，感觉好多了。
…you will celebrate Christmas by losing your position. 你就会通过丢了你的工作来庆祝圣诞节了。
[点拨] by losing your position 是介词短语作状语，表示方式。
e.g. You switch the radio on by pressing this button.
按这个按钮就能打开收音机。
By working hard he gained rapid promotion.
他工作努力因而晋级很快。
…many of us enjoy abundant comfort 我们很多人都非常舒适
[点拨] abundant---more than enough; plentiful 丰富的；充裕的。
e.g. We have abundant proof of his guilt.我们有传充分的证据证明他有罪。
Many thousands are in want of basic needs. 有几千人需要基本的必需品
[点拨] in want of sth---needing sth “需要某事物”。
e.g. The house is in want of repair. 这所房子需要修了。
Personally, I don’t care. 就我而言，我才不管呢。
[点拨] personally ---as far as I am concerned; for myself 意为“就我来说，就自己而言”，常用语一句话的开始，后有逗号。
e.g. Personally, I don’t like him at all. 就我而言，我一点都不喜欢他。
My business occupies me constantly. 我自己的事整天都忙不了了。
[点拨] 此句中occupy 意为“使忙碌，使从事”。
e.g. He was occupied with /in writing a novel. 他忙于写小说。
[点拨] occupy 用法小结：
1. occupy意为 “take up or fill (time, space, sb’s mind, etc)” “占据，充满（时间，空间，某人的头脑等）”。
e.g. The speech occupied three hours. 发言工占去了三个小时。
A bed occupied the corner of the room. 一张床占去了房间的一角。
2. occupy意为 “take possession of and establish troops in (a country, position, etc)” “（军事）占领（国家、阵地等）”。
e.g. The army occupied the enemy’s capital. 军队占领了敌国首都。
3. occupy意为 “live in or have possession of (a house, land, etc)” “占用，占有（房屋、土地等）”。
e.g. The family have occupied the farm for many years.
这家人在农场已居住多年。
They occupy the house next door. 他们住在隔壁。
4. occupy oneself (in doing sth/with sth) “忙着（做某事）；忙（于某事）”。
e.g. How does he occupy himself now he is retired?
他既已退休，都如何打发日子呢？
They are all gone.他们都走了。
[点拨] gone 此处是形容词，意为“离开，离去”，另外，gone 还有“过去”之意。
e.g. Gone are the days when you could buy a three-course meal for under $1.
一顿饭吃三道菜不到一美圆，这日子一去不复返了。
And make it short, because it’s time to close up. 快点说，该关门了。
[点拨] close (sth) up “（尤指暂时）关闭（某事物）”。
e.g. Sorry madam, we’re closing up for lunch.
很抱歉，小姐，我们现在要关门吃饭。
He closes the shop up at 5.30.
他在5点30分停止营业。
close up 还可以指伤口愈合。
e.g. The cut took a long time to close up. 伤口经过很长时间才愈合。
Alone is what you are, and what you have been. 你是孤单的，你一直都是孤单的。
[点拨] 此句是倒装。alone 是副词，在句中作表语，这里是表语前置；其的主语为what you are 和what you have been.
Integrating skills
These are but shadows of the past. 这些只是过去的影子。
[点拨] but 此处是副词，意为“只，仅仅”。
e.g. He is but a boy. 他不过是个孩子。
I don’t think we can succeed. Still we can but try.
我想我们不会成功，但是，不妨试一试。
Another idol has taken my place. 另一个偶像取代了我。
[点拨] take sb’s/sth’s place`; take the place of sb/sth 代替某人/某事物
e.g. She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant took her place.
她不能出席会议，所以由助手替她。
Nothing could take the place of the family he had lost.
他失去了家庭，这一损失是无法弥补的。
That’s not what life is about! 钱不是生活的全部！
[点拨] what life is about 是从句作表语。
You only have eyes for money. 你就只爱钱。
[点拨] (only) have eyes for sb/sth. ; have eyes (only) for sb/sth---only be interested in or in love with (a specified person) （只）对……感兴趣；（只）爱恋/喜欢……
e.g. In Amsterdam, I had eyes only for the Rembrandts.
在阿姆斯特丹，我只想看伦勃朗的名画。
All the girls liked Fred, but he had eyes only for Helen.
姑娘们全都喜欢弗雷德，但是他却只对海伦感兴趣。
[点拨] have an eye/a good eye for… 意为“对……有眼光”。
e.g. He has an eye for the fair and the beautiful. 他有审美眼光。
You’ve got it all wrong. 你全弄错了。
[点拨] 此句中 all 副词，意为“completely 完全地”，修饰 wrong；wrong 是形容词，作it 的宾语补足语。
Nobody knows it better than you do, poor fellow. 没有人比你更了解他了，可怜的人。
[点拨] know sb/sth well 对……熟知，对……很了解；do 代指knows。