核心知识
1．词汇
(1)undertake sth．从事…
(2)go by (时间)经过；(某人)过去
(3)be／get engaged to sb 与某人订婚
(4)on the other hand 另一方面
(5)turn out to be 结果是
(6)be similar to 与……相似
(7)work on 继续工作
(8)go on with 继续某种行为
(9)dream of 梦想，梦到
(10)be satisfied with 对……表示满意或满足
(11)be curious about sth． 对……好奇的
(12)take a look at 看…
(13)what if…… 倘使…将会怎样；即使…又有什么要紧
(14)the other way around 相反地，从相反方向
(15)be patient with sth. 对…有耐心
2．日常交际用语(描述人和辩论)
(1)That's correct．
(2)There is no doubt that．．
(3)That's true．
(4)It's clear that．．
(5)It's hard to say．．
(6)What's your idea?
(7)Well，maybe，but…
(8)Have you thought about…?
3．句型
(1)There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问…
(2)Do you doubt that…? 你怀疑…?
(3)There's no point in doing sth．做某事没有作用或没有意义。
4．语法
学习动词不定式的用法
重难点解析
1．It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious．
分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑。
(1)undertake(undertook，undertaken)
vt．承担(工作，责任等)，承办+名词
例：He undertook the difficult task willingly．
他欣然承担那项困难的工作。
1 will undertake the responsibility for you．
我会为你负起责任。
vt.着手，进行，企图+名词
例：He undertook a new experiment．
他着手一项新的实验。
(2)analysis复数形式andyses．analyse vt．
A chemical analysis化学分析
We made a careful analysis of the problem．
我们仔细分析了那个问题。
(3)obvious adj. (more obvious，most obvious)
明显的，明白的，显而易见的
obviously adv．
例：He told her an obvious lie．
他对她扯了一个明显的谎言。
It is obvious that…．…是显然的。
例：It is quite obvious that he didn't do it himself．
显然他没有亲自去做。
It seemed obvious that he suffered from a bad cold．
显然他得了重感冒。
2．There is no doubt that． 毫无疑问 ．．
例：There is no doubt that our team will win．
我队获胜是毫无疑问的。
I don't doubt that we will win the game．(否定句用that)
我不怀疑我们将会赢得这场比赛。
Do you doubt that he has passed the final examination ? (疑问句用that)
你怀疑他已通过期末考试了吗?
I doubt whether he is the best man for the job．(肯定句用whether)
我怀疑他是否是担任那项工作的最适当人选。
3．There didn't seem much point in working on my PhD-I didn't expec to survive that long
取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义，我没有期望活那么久。
PhD(Doctor of Philosophy ) 指“博士学位”
There is no point in doing sth．表示“做某事没有作用或没有意义”。
例：There is no point in arguing further．
继续争执下去没有意义了。
There is no point in protesting．It won’t help much．
抗议没有什么用处，于事无补。
that在此处为副词，意为“那么”，可以修饰形容词。this也有此用法。
例：I didn't expect he was that rude．
我没料到他会那么粗鲁。
I have never been out this late before．
我从未在外面呆到这么晚过。
Please cut my hair about this much．
请把我的头发剪掉这么长。
4．Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse．
但两年过去了，我的情况却没那么糟糕。
Go by意思是“(时间)过去”。
例：Time went by so quickly．We are already at the end of our summer holiday．
时间过得真快，转眼我们已经要结束暑假了。
Thirty years went by and her hair was beginning to turn gray．
三十年过去了，她的头发开始变白了。
5．In fact，things were going rather well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice girl，Jan Wilde．
事实上，事情发展得还挺顺利。我和一位非常好的女孩简怀尔得订婚了。
get／be engaged to sb．“与某人订婚”
例：Did you hear they have got engaged last month?
你有没有听说他们上个月订婚的消息?
Tom got engaged to Mary，whom he had met on the train．
汤姆和玛丽订婚了，他们在火车上认识的。
Be engaged in(on)+n．／doing sth．从事(工作)的，忙于……的
例：She was engaged in protecting wild birds．
她从事保护野生鸟类的工作。
Right now I’m engaged．
我现在正忙着。
be engaged (电话等)通话中的，占线中的，相当于美国英语的busy．
例：The line／number is engaged。线路被占用。
engagement n．订婚(to)
例：announce one's engagement to…宣布与…订婚
break off one's engagement解除婚约，解约
engagement ring订婚戒指(戴在左手无名指上)
6．Scientists，on the other hand，Hawking writes，know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong．
霍金写到，从另一个方面说，科学家知道他们的工作是永无止境的，即使是最完美的理论，也可能是错误的。
Turn out to be“结果是”“最后的情况是”+副／+形／+to do／+that．．
例：The weatherman said it was going to rain this afternoon but it turned out to be very lovely．
天气预报说今天下午有雨，其实今天天气非常好。
The lecture turned out to be very dull．
讲座结果很无聊。
Everything turned out well．一切顺遂。
The rumor turned out (to be) true．那谣言后来证明是真的。
It turned out (that) two travelers had been killed
后来证实(查明)有两位旅客丧生。
turn out vi. (为集会等)外出，去。
turn out vt.．(可分开用) 关 (熄灭) (煤气，电灯油灯等)
turn out vt. (可分开用 ) 生产 (产品)，出产
例：The factory can turn out l000cars a day．
这家工厂一天能生产1000辆汽车。
7．Everyone has his or her special skills and interests，and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference．
每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣，只有发现自己的专长，我们才能期望达到自己的目标，真正与众不同。
only修饰介词短语或从句时，要求倒装。
例：Only at that time did I realize its importance．
直到那时我才意识到它的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English study．
只有这样你才能在英语学习上取得进步。
Only when you finish your homework can you go out to play football．
只有当你完成作业你才能出去踢球。
only修饰主语时，通常置于主语之前。
例：Only you understand me．只有你了解我。
only修饰主语以外时，通常置于动词之前(有be动词、助动词时，则置于其后)
例：She only eats vegetables．她只吃蔬菜。
I only lent you the money．那笔钱我只是借给你(不是给你)。
He only works when he's got homework．
他只在有家庭作业时才做功课。
I've only seen him once．
我只见过他一次。
8．Imagine this：you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world．
想象一下这种情况：你二十一岁是世界最有名大学里的一个有希望的毕业生。
imagine+名词
例：Can you imagine life with out electricity?
你能想像没有电的生活吗?
The gir1 tried to imagine the gentleman as her father．
这女孩试着把这位绅土想像成自己的父亲。
imagine+doing想像做”
例：I didn't imagine becoming a writer in my childhood．
在孩提时代，我并未想像成为一名作家。
imagine+名(人)+doing想像(某人)做…
例：I can't imagine her marrying him．
我无法想像她和他结婚。
imagine+(that)…／wh-想像…；想…，推测 (不可用进行时)
例：Imagine you are a bird．
想像你是一只鸟。
Can you imagine how much 1 was surprised to see it ?
你能想像我看见它后感到多么惊讶吗?
Iimagine (that) I have met you somewhere before．
我想以前曾在哪里见过你。
Can you imagine what he is doing?
你能猜测他在做什么吗?
(Just) imagine (it) ! 想想看!
Imagination (名) imaginative (形)
promising (形) 有希望的，有前途的，前途光明的
例：a promising actress有前途的女演员
9．Since then，Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe．
从那时起，霍金就继续寻求关于宇宙特征的问题的答案。
seek+(for after)+名词 搜寻，寻找；寻求，探求；追求
例：They sought shelter from the rain．
他们找寻避雨的地方。
He found it worthless to seek fame．
他发现追求名声是不值得的。
We must seek (for) a solution to the problem
我们必须寻求解决问题的方法。
seek+名 征求，请求 ，
He sought his doctor's advice．
他向医生请教(征求医生的意见)。
语法点拨
动词不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do“，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
1．不定式的用法：
(1)作主语
不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用It作形式主语。例如：
To see is to believe．眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是对的。
(2)作宾语
不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。例如：
He wanted to go．他想走。
I find it interesting to work with him．
我发现和他一起工作有趣。
(3)作宾语补足语。例如：
He asked me to do the work with him．
他叫我跟他一起做这个工作。
注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例：
I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song
我常听到他唱这首歌。他经常被听到唱这首歌。
注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
例如：
She could do nothing but cry．她只会哭了。
What do you like to do besides swim?
除游泳外你还喜欢什么?
I have no choice but to go．我不得不走。
(4)作定语。例如：
I have some books for you to read.
我有几本书供给你读。
注①：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：
He is looking for a room to live in ．
他在找一个房间住。
There is nothing to worry about．
无什么可担心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with．
请给我把刀子来切东西。
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。例如：
He had no money and no place to live．他没钱没地方住。
注②：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。试比较：
A)Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式tosend的动作执行者是you)
B)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
(5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例
I came here to see you．(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果)
To look at him，you would like him．(条件)
要是看见他，就总会喜欢他的。
目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示。例如：
In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard．
为了考试及格，他学习很刻苦。
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
为了别迟到我们一路上跑来的。
不定式也可以在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。例如：
I am very glad to hear it 听见这事我很高兴。
The question is difficult to answer．这个问题难回答。
“too+形容词或副词+不定式”也作状语。例：
He is too old to do that．
他太老不能做这事了。
另外句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语。例如：
The room is big enough to hold us．
这间屋子够大能盛得下我们。
(6) 作表语。例如：
My job is to help the patient 我的工作是帮助病人。
(7)作独立成分。例如：
To tell the truth，I don't agree with you．
说实话，我不同意你的观点。
(8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where ,how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。例：
He didn't know what to say. (宾语)
他不知道说什么。
How to solve the problem is very important （主语）
如何解决这个问题很重要。
My question is when to start．(表语)
我的问题是什么时候开始。
注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。例：
Why not have a rest?
(9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：
A)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Have you got a key to unlock the door?
你有开门的钥匙吗?
(A key unlocks the door．)
B)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
I have got a letter to write．(I write a letter．)
我有封信要写。
He needs a room to live in．(He lives in a room．)
他需要间屋子住。
C)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people．例如：
He is hard to talk to．很难跟他交谈。
The book is difficult to understand．这本书很难懂。
但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可用不定式被动句。例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read．
这字太难认读了。
The box is to heavy to be lifted．
这箱子太重举不起来。
D)在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。
There is a lot of work to do． (Somebody has to do the work．)
There isa lot of work to be done．(The work has to be done．)
请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：
There is nothing to do．意为无事可做，感到十分乏味。
There is nothing to be done．意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。
2．不定式的时态
(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。例如：
I saw him go out．我看见他出去了。
(2)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。
例如：
I am very glad to be working with you．很高兴和你一起工作。
(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。例如：
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting．对不起让你久等了。
3．不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。例如：
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside．
他要求被派往农村工作。
经典赏析
【例1】 (全国高考题)Robert is said--abroad，but l don't know what country he studied in．
A．to have studied
B．to study
C. to be studying
D．to have been studying
[解析] 本题前一句意思为“据说罗伯特以前在国外学习过”，句型为“sb．issaidtodosth．因在国外学习”这一动作发生在be said之前。
[答案] A
[例2] (全国高考题)The purpose of new technoloqies is to make life easier，--it more difficult．
A．not make B．not to make
C. not making D．don't make
[解析] 根据句子的含义及结构来判断，很显然，考查的是动词不定式作表语，而此处前后两个动词不定式呈对比关系，to不能省略。
[答案] B
[例3] (全国高考题) I've worked with children before，so I know what--in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expecting D．expects
[解析] 从后半句可知考查疑问词+不定式用法。expect的宾语是what。
[答案] B
[例4] (全国高考题) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but
--whether they will enloy it.
A．to see B．to be seen
C. seeing D．see
[解析] remain to be seen拭目以待，根据句意应选B。
[答案] B
[例5] (全国高考题)It is said in Australia there is more land than the govemment knows--.
A．it what to do with B．what to do with it
C．what to do it with D．to do whtat with it
[解析] 该题考查疑问词+todo用法。根据句意what to do with it如何处理它。
[答案] B
[例6] (全国高考题)The mother didn't know--to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out .
A who B when C how D why
[解析] 根据句意“妈妈不知道责怪谁，因为打破杯子这件事发生在她不在家的时候
[答案] A
即学即用
1．Last summer I took a course on--.
A．how to make dresses
B．how dresses be made
C．how to be made dresses
D．how dresses to be made
[答案] A
2．Let Harry play with your toys as well，Clare you must learn to--.
A．support B care
C．spare D share
[答案] D
3．There are five pairs--, but I’m at a loss which to buy．
A．to be chosen B to choose from
C . to choose D for choosing
[答案] B
4．Paul doesn't have to be made--.He always works hard．
A．1earn B. to learn
C．1earned D．1earning
[答案] B
5．We agreed --here but so far she hasn't turned up yet．
A．having met B.meedng
C． to meet D． to have met
[答案] C
6．The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，
but his mothertold him-- ．
A．not to B . not to do
C．not do it D . do not to
[答案1 A
7．The patient was warned--only food after the operation．
A．tO eat not B . eating not
C．not tO eat D . not eating
[答案] C
8．I would love--to the party last night，but l had to wotk extra hours to finish a report．
A .to go B．to have gone
C . going D．having gone
[答案] B
9．MrSmith warned her daughter--after drinking．
A。never to drive B . to never drive
C．never driving D . never drive
[答案] A
10．-The light in the office is still on．
-0h，I forgot--.
A．turning it off B .turn it off
C．to turn it off D . having turned it off
[答案] C
11．Little Jim should love--to the theatre this evening．
A．to be taken B．to take
C . being taken D．taking
[答案] A
12．Charles Babbage is generally considered--is the first computer．
A．to invent B . inventing
C . to have invented D . having invented
[答案] C
13--down the radio--the baby's asleep in the next room．
A．Turning B . To turn
C．Turned D . Turn
[答案] D
14．Mother--us stories when we were young .
A .was used to tell B . is used to telling
C . used to tell D . used to telling
[答案] C
15. She pretended--me when I passed by .
A .not to see . B . not seeing
C . to not see D .having not seen.
[答案] A