Period 1 New words and expressions
Teaching aims:
1)Read the new words and expressions.
2)Learn some of the important new words and expressions
1.quit [ ] vt. 过去时，过去分词quit或 quitted，现在分词quitting
1). 离开;退出
He quitted Paris after a week. 他一周后离开了巴黎。
2). 放弃，停止 [+v-ing]
He has quitted smoking.他已戒了烟。
She asked them to quit talking.她要求他们不要说话
quit a job.辞去工作
advised them to quit their dissipated ways. 劝导他们撇弃放荡的生活方式
vi.
1). 离开;迁出
If he doesn't pay his rent, he will receive notice to quit. 如果他不付房租,他将被通知搬出去。
2). 停止
It's almost 5 o'clock; time to quit.都快五点钟了;该下班了。
3). 放弃斗争,认输
4). 【口】辞职
I'm going to quit next week.我将在下周辞职。
2.apply [ ] vt.
1). 涂,敷;将...铺在表面 (+to)
The nurse applied the ointment to the wound. 护士把药膏敷到伤口上。
2) 应用;实施 (+to)
We should apply both theories in the language classroom.
我们应把两种理论都运用到语言教室中去。
He applied the brakes.他踩刹车
3)使起作用;使适用(+to)
This rule can not be applied to every case. 这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。
4）把...用(于)[(+to)]
She applies all her money to her mortgage（抵押）. 她将她所有的钱都用来付抵押贷款
5）.专心；集中精力
apply oneself to 专心从事，埋头于…
The new comer applied his mind to the job. 新来的职员工作专心致志。
Students should apply themselves to their study. 学生们应该专心致志地学习。
注意：He applied to the company for the position.他向公司申请这一职位。
3.add up 把...加起来
Add up 3, 4 and 5 and you'll get 12. 把三、四、五相加,总数是十二。
Add up these figures, please. 请把这些数字加起来。
He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.
他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
add up to 总计为，总数达
His education added up to no more than one year.他受的教育加起来不过一年。
add…to…把…加到…上/里 // add to 增加,增强
add fuel to the fire 火上加油 add color to 增色
Will you add some sugar to your coffee?
Your carelessness adds to our difficulties.
4.circumstance [ ]
n.情况,环境;情势
In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately.在正常情况下,我本会马上辞职的。
under no circumstances ，in no circumstances，无论如何不；决不
词组：under the circumstances或in the circumstances 在这些情况下；情况既然如此
The circumstances forced me to accept. 环境迫使我不得不同意。
Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer nature.
也许在这样的情况下我们可以说人定胜天。
It depends on [upon] circumstances. 这要视情况而定。
Under no circumstances should you step out of the house.
5.Don't lose heart. 别泄气。 lose sight of忘记，忽视
lose one’s heart to爱上 lose contact with 与 …失去联系 lose control of对…失去控制
lose face丢面子 lose hold of 松手,放开 lose interest in对…失去兴趣
6.assessment [ ] n.
评价;估计[C]
He made a careful assessment of the situation. 他对形势作了细致的评估。
assess [ ] vt. assessed， assessing， assesses
估定, 评定对...进行估价,评价
It is too early to assess the effects of the new legislation. 现在来评价新法规的效果为时尚早。
7.take it easy别着急，别紧张，慢慢来，多休息（从容, 不紧张, 松懈, 轻松）
Take it easy. We'll take care of everything. 别着急。一切由我们照料。
Our teacher told us to take it easy before the examination. 老师交待我们考试前要放松。
---I’ve caught a bad cold,and had a headache.
---Take it easy and drink more water.
8.keep up保持，维持，坚持；持续，继续：
We asked her to stop talking, but she kept up. 我们请她别再说话了，但她依旧说下去.
Keep up! 坚持！
keep up a good state of mind 保持一个良好的心态
Keep up your courage!鼓起勇气
Keep up your spirits! 振作精神
I don’t know how long the rain will keep up.不知道这雨会持续多久。
I have formed the good habit of getting up early, but I don’t know if I can keep it up.不知道是否能坚持下去
keep up with 赶上 /keep back阻止,扣下，隐瞒 /keep down控制,卧下 /keep off 不接近
/keep on继续,保持 /keep out不准入内/keep out of 置身于…之 /keep to坚持/keep(sb) away (from sth)使（某人）离开（某物）/keep sth. in mind 记住
9.survival [ ]n.
1). 幸存;残存[U]
2). 幸存者;残存物[C]
The old man is a survival of the past age. 这老人乃上一个时代的遗老。
survive [ ] vt.
1). 在...之后仍然生存,从...中逃生
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。
2). 比...活得长;丧失(配偶,亲人等)
She survived her husband by twenty years. 她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。
vi. 活下来,幸存;残留[(+on)]
Few survived after the flood. 洪水后极少有人生还。
10.relief [ ] n.
1). (痛苦,负担等的)缓和,减轻;解除[U][S1][(+of/from/on)]
The pills gave her some relief. 药片减轻她一些痛苦。
Will this medicine give immediate relief from the pain? 吃了这药能马上止疼吗?
2). 轻松,宽心,慰藉[U][S1]
Hearing the news, he breathed a sigh of relief. 一听到消息,他如释重负地松了口气。
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.听说我通过了考试，感到轻松多了。
3) 救济;补助;解救[U]
to send relief to flooded areas 将救济物资运送给灾区
11.deliver [ ] vt. n.
1). 投递;传送;运送[(+to)]
The mailman delivered the letters promptly. 那个邮差准时地投递信件。
Some new books have been delivered to the school. 一些新书已被送到学校。
2). 发表;讲;宣布
He delivered an important report at the meeting. 他在会上作了重要报告。
3). 给...接生;生(婴儿)
She delivered twins in the evening. 晚上她生了一对双胞胎。
Which doctor delivered the baby? 哪位医生接生了这个婴儿？
12.tough [ ] a.
1). 坚韧的,牢固的,折不断的
This material is as tough as leather. 这料子像皮革般坚韧。
a tough policy 强硬的政策
2). (肉等)老的,咬不动的
The steak was so tough I couldn't eat it. 牛排太老了,我咬不动它。
3). 困难的 the toughest questions.最困难的问题
He faces the toughest test of his life so far.他面临着人生最严峻的考验。
a tough guy 硬汉 tough meat 老肉 tough attitude 强硬的态度 a tough task 棘手的任务 a tough customer 难缠的顾客 a tough neighborhood 治安很差的住宅区
13*wrap [ ] vt. wrapped， wrapped
1). 包,裹[(+up/in)]
I wrapped the book in brown paper before I mailed it. 我先把书用牛皮纸包好,然后邮寄。
2). 缠绕,披[O][(+around/about)]
She wrapped a scarf around her neck. 她把一条围巾围在脖子上。
3). 覆盖;遮蔽
The skyscraper was wrapped in fog. 摩天大楼为雾所笼罩。
14.tie up [ ]
1). 系住
He tied up the horse and went into the inn. 他系住马,走进了小酒店。
2). 使受阻
The traffic had been tied up for three hours. 交通阻塞已有三个小时。
15.packet [ ] n. . 小包(裹);小捆;小袋[C][(+of)]
The mailman brought a small packet. 邮差送来了一个小邮包。
He bought a packet of cigarettes. 他买了一包香烟。
16.go for为…而去，努力争取 He is going for a job.他正在求职
I really go for progressive jazz.我十分爱好渐进式爵士乐。
She doesn’t go for men of this type.她不喜欢他这种类型的男人。
Go for it,John. We know you can beat him.去吧，约翰。我们知道你能赢。
Period 2 Warming up, listening and speaking
Teaching aims: Try to improve the students abilities of listening and speaking
Step 1 Warming up
Ask the students to fill out the form ,write their score for each question in the box and add up the total score.
Step 2 Listening
Listen to the tape and finish the exercises on page 47.
Step 3 Speaking
The speaking activity is tied in with the listening. Encourage the students to think creatively.
Period 3 Reading
Teaching aims:
1. Help the students improve the skills of summarizing and scanning.
2. Underline and analyze some key phrases and sentences.
3 . Get the students to know the importance of perseverance.
Fast-reading
1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10
2 How long did the journey last? About a year
3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas
4 Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
Careful-reading
Exercise1. True or False
5.It took much time for the writer to decide what they should bring for the journey.(T)
6. We traveled alone. (F with many other families)
7.Indian Greek in Kansas was the meeting place for people moving to the east.(F)
8.On November 4, 1846, the travelers entered the Salt Lake Desert and soon lost their way.(T)
9.The travelers burn their animals because they were ill.(F)
10.The travelers were shocked to see the horses and oxen,suffering from heat ,thirst,and starvation.(F)
11.During the journey ,the travelers were helpful to each other.(F)
12 .When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’t agree.)
13. When the animals smelt the water, they all ran. (T)
Exercise 2
Choose the best answers
1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D
A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B
A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
Detailed reading
1.Fill in the chart:
Time Events
October, 1845 set off for the journey
April ,1846 continued the journey westward
November, 1846 entered the desert and lost the way
For many weeks travel in the Death Valley
Christmas Day reached the promised land
2.The main idea of the text:
The text related a story that the hero’s family and many other families moved to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Faced with the difficulties, they didn’t give up. Finally they got to the West and started a new life.
Part 1 (1) The cause and the beginning of the journey
Part 2 (2) The first destination of the journey
Part 3 (3-5) The most trying part of the journey
Part 4 (6) Reaching the promised land (The end of the journey)
Post-reading
Questions:
1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.
2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive”?
We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.
3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?
1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.
2)The courage of the people impresses me most.
Period 4 Language Points
Teaching aims:
1. Grasp some important phrases in the text.
2. Learn some language points.
Step 1 Revision
1.What can we learn from this text?
When we come across problems, we shouldn’t try to escape. Instead , we should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as we overcome the difficulties and never give up, we will achieve our goals and succeed. More over, we all have dreams in our heart. As long as we insist and keep making great efforts, I believe we will make our dreams come true one day.
2.Consolidation
In the ______ of 1845, after his father read a book about _________, he decided to _____ there. His family and many other families ________ for their journey by the middle of October. After traveling through _________, they had to spend __________ in Kansas. Until ____________ , they wouldn’t leave. They traveled by day. On November4, 1846, they entered __________ and soon lost their way. Due to lack of ______________, the oxen had no strength to pull the wagons and were burnt. People had no choice but to cover another 500 miles ________. At last, they _________ all the difficulties and got to the west on the morning of _____________. They started their new life there.
Keys: spring, California, move, 4 states, the winter, April 12, 1846, the desert, water and grass, on foot, overcame, Christmas Day
Step 2 Language study
1. beyond [ ] 介词 prep.
1).在（到）…较远的一边
What lies beyond the mountains? 山的那一边有什么？
2).晚于；超过
This work is beyond my grasp. 这件工作非我力所能及。
Don't stay there beyond midnight. 不要过了午夜还留在那儿。
3).为…所不能及；多于；超出
Understanding this article is beyond my capacity（能力）. 我看不懂这篇文章。
It's quite beyond me why she married such a heavy smoker. 我实在无法理解为什么她会嫁给这样一个烟鬼。
The fruit is beyond my reach. 那个果子我够不着。
4). (常用于含疑问或否定意义的结构中)除...之外
He has nothing beyond the house. 除这幢房子外,他别的什么也没有。
* beyond all praise 赞美不尽 beyond belief难以置信
beyond compare 无与伦比的 beyond description无法形容
beyond words无法用语言表达
2.leave behind忘了带;留下
I've left my pen behind. 我忘了带笔。
I’m afraid we must leave Xiao Lin behind.恐怕我们得把小林留下。
When he went to work in Saudi Arabia, he had to leave his family behind.
他前往沙特阿拉伯工作时，他不得不留下他的家人。
* leave sth aside 不考虑 leave alone不打扰
leave out遗漏 leave off停止
3.burden n.负担；责任，义务：
The old man bent with a heavy burden on his back. 老人因背着重负而弯腰。
He could not carry the burden alone. 他一人挑不起这副担子。
The burden of organizing the campaign fell to me. 组织这次活动的责任落到了我头上
It is a burden to the people. 这对人民是一种负担。
The burden fell on me. 责任落在我身上。
vt.
1.) 加重压于，加负担于，烦扰[(+with)]
The government burdened the nation with heavy taxes. 政府使国民负担重税。
2.) 加负荷于，使载重[(+with)]
He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines. 他吃力地捧着一大捆杂志。
4.desperate [ ] a.危急的;绝望的，极严重的
He was desperate when he lost all his money. 当他丢了所有的钱时,他绝望了。
The prisoners grew increasingly desperate.犯人越来越绝望。
the desperate look of hunger; a desperate cry for help. 饥饿者脸上那绝望的样子；绝望的呼救声
a desperate illness; 绝症；a desperate situation. 危险境地
5.accustomed [ ] a.
1). 惯常的,通常的
2). 习惯的,适应了的
her accustomed smile她惯常的微笑
He is accustomed to work hard一向勤奋工作
I am accustomed to sleeping late.我习惯于睡得很晚
I'm not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercises.我不习惯这么早起床进行晨练。
I’ve been accustomed to looking after them.
It’ll take time for me to accustom myself to the changes.我需要花时间来适应这些变化.
6.starvation [ ]n. 饥饿;挨饿;饿死[U]
The old woman died of starvation. 老妇人被活活饿死。
starve [ ] vi.
1). 饿死
The explorers starved to death in the desert. 探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。
2). 挨饿
3). 【口】饿得慌
Let's get something to eat; I'm starving. 我们吃点东西吧;我饿坏了。
4). 渴望;极需要 (+for)
The plants are starving for water. 这些植物极需要水。
7.anxiety [ ] n.
1). 焦虑,挂念[U][C][(+about/for)]
The mother was filled with anxiety about her daughter's health. 母亲为女儿的健康忧心忡忡。
2) 焦虑的原因;令人焦虑之事[C][(+to)]
That is a great anxiety to me. 那是一件使我深感焦虑的事情。
3). 渴望[C][(+for)][+to-v]
Their anxiety to go was obvious. 他们想去的急切心情是显而易见的。
8.come to an end 结束
The meeting came to an end at last. 会议终于结束了。
come to a stop 停止 come to a decision 作出决定 come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to a person’s aid 援助某人 come to an arrangement (agreement) 达成协议
All good things must come to an end. 一切好事迟早都会结束。（天下没有不散的宴席。）
at the end of 在...结尾,在....末端 in the end 最后，终于
bring to an end 使…结束 on end on end 竖着, 连续地
make an end of 终止，除掉 end (up) with 以――告终
put an end to 结束，终止 make ends meet 收支相抵
9.lose one’s way become lost 迷路；迷失
Lily lost her way in the woods. 莉莉在森林里迷了路。
feel one’s way fight one’s way make one’s way
push one’s way wind one’s way
Step 3 Translation
1.believe in 信任;信耐
2.stand for 代表;代替
3.adapt to 适宜
4.lose heart 灰心;泄气
5.be cast away (被)抛弃
6.give up 放弃
7.less than 少于;不足
8.set off for 开始(旅程;赛跑);出发
9.move on 继续前进
10.take the way 出发;首途
11.lose one’s way 迷路
12.hang out 伸出
13.in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候)
14.on our feet=on foot 步行
15.be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于
16.suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
17.hurry on to (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事
18.stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
19.start doing sth. 开始做某事
20.go on all fours 用四肢
21.(at)the edge of of (在)……边缘
22.stare at 瞪视; 凝视
23.come to an end 结束;终止
24.a race against time 与时间赛跑
25.save…from 挽救……免于
26.take up to 占用(时间;空间)
27.at stake 在危险中;关系重大
28.risk one’s life to 冒险去做某事
29.apply…to… 运用;应用
30.add up (两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来
31.take it easy 别紧张;放松点
32.keep up 维持;保持;使某事处于高水平
33.common sense 常识;情理
34.leave behind 忘带;留下
35. live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存
36.tie up 系;拴;捆
37.go for 为……去;努力获取
Period 5 Word study and Grammar
Teaching aims:
1. To review the words and expressions learned in the reading.
2. To summarize the usages of the Attribute.
Period 6 Integrating skills
Teaching aims:
1. To get the students to understand some words and phrases in the text.
2. To help the students summarize the main points after they read the dialogue.
Step 1 Skimming
After reading the text, answer the following questions:
(1) What did the dialogue mainly tell us?
The dialogue mainly told us about the history of the Anchorage-to-Nome dog sled races.
(2) For what purpose did the people use the dog team?
People used the dog team to deliver the vaccine from Anchorage to Nome.
Step 2 Scanning
Find some information to fill in chart:
The brief introduction to the story
The time In the winter of 1925
The place A small city called Nome
The plot A terrible disease called diphtheria struck Nome, but there were no enough vaccine.
Luckily, the doctors found a good supply of it in Anchorage. However, the frozen sea and the shortage of the plane made it impossible to deliver the vaccine fast.So people decided to use a dog team. These dogs and their drivers overcame all the difficulty and worked day and night to make sure the vaccine can arrive on time.
The result The children were saved by the vaccine because of the great efforts made by the dogs and their drivers. In order to remember these heroes, the local people set a bronze sculpture of a dog in New York’s Central Park. This is a memorial to all who
Risked their lives to save those of others.
Step 3 Further reading
Judge whether the following statements are true or false:
(1) The first dog race was a race against time. ( T )
(2) The disease which struck the Nome was called flu. ( F )
(3) If doctors couldn’t get enough vaccine, the children would die quite soon. (T )
(4) The doctors could do nothing but use the dog team to deliver the vaccine because there were not enough ships and planes. ( F )
(5) During the journey, the dogs and their drivers should fight against the hot weather. ( F )
(6) When the dogs and their drivers arrived on time, they were warmly welcomed. ( F )
Step 4 Language study
1.anniversary 周年纪念；周年纪念日
a wedding anniversary the 20th anniversary of our country’s independence
2.deliver: 释放，移交，投递，发表，给予，表达
deliver sb. from sth.把某人从…解救出来 deliver sth to/over sb把某物交付某人.
deliver a message 带信,传话 deliver a speech发表讲话
deliver over (up) (to) 移交,交给 deliver a baby生孩子
He delivered himself up to the police. 他向警方自首了.
I delivered the message and parcel to her. 我把信和包裹交给了她.
3. stake n.桩,水刑柱,赌注 v.系于柱上,打赌
tie sth to a stake把…拴在柱子上 play for high stakes下大赌注赌钱
stake…on…把…押在…上 be at stake 生死攸关
He staked all his hopes on his son’s success as a stateman.
他把所有的希望都寄托在儿子身上,盼望他成为成功的政治家
He left the gambling game when they played for high stakes.
赌注太高时他离开了赌局
I’m going to stake $5 on that watch. 那块表我押5 美元.
Our children’s life is at stake. 孩子们的生命濒临危险.
4. risk n.风险, 保险对象 vt. 冒…的危险
do sth at the risk of one’s life=risk one’s life to do sth冒生命危险去做…
at all risks=at any risk无论冒什么危险,无论如何
at (one’s) risk 有危险
run(take) a risk (risks)=risk doing sth 冒险
If you go out without your raincoat, you run the risk of getting wet.
如果你出门不带雨衣,就有可能被淋湿.
We can’t risk your catching the measles.我们不能让你冒染上麻疹的危险
Too many lives were at risk. 太多的人有生命危险
5.prevent v. prevention n. preventable 可预防的 preventive预防的
prevent sb from doing prevent disease
Try to prevent fires in dry weather.干旱天气预防火灾
There was nothing to prevent him becoming engaged.没有什么能阻止他订婚
Prevention of illness is better than curing it.防病胜过治病
6.cover vt.掩盖,掩护,包括,走过,支付,报道 n. 盖子,封面
be covered with 盖着… from cover to cover从头至尾
cover 6 miles 走了6 英里 cover a conference采访会议
cover the expense 负担费用 a cover for…盖子
She covered her face with her hands. 她用手蒙住了脸.
I didn’t cover as much ground as I had wanted.我没有走完我原打算走的那么多路.
This report covered all aspects of the problem.这个报告涵盖了这个问题的所有层面
Step 5 Translation
1. the eightieth anniversary of sth. …80周年纪念日
2. a race against time 与时间赛跑，抢时间
3. save…from 挽救……免于
4. there was widespread relief 足以令人欣慰
5. Every minute counted/counts. 没分钟都非常关键。
6. up to 一直到,等于
7. at stake 在危险中；关系重大
8. the golden rays of the dawn 黎明的第一道曙光
9. a memorial to sb. / sth. 的纪念馆
10. risk one’s life to do/doing 冒险去做某事 risk doing
11. diseases of that kind 那样的病
12. a historical event 历史事件