内容
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
plant , wonderful , dig , deep , stick , tie , diagram , forest , copy , million , towards , mountain , harvest
neither…nor , knock…into… , next to , so that , cut down , millions of , stop…from doing sth , blow…away , not only…but also… , in a few years' time , far away , thanks to
Ⅱ. 句型学习
Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight .
The more , the better .
The river near here is over four metres deep .
The Great Green Wall is between 400 and 1 700 kilometres wide .
Trees must be watered well .
The earth should be pushed down hard .
More or less !
While you're doing that I'll go and get some water .
Ⅲ.语法学习
1 ) 含有情态动词的被动语态的构成及用法。
2 ) 计量的表达。
Ⅳ. 交际英语
如何让别人做某事。
【 指点迷律 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . plant 1 ) 种植 ( 动词 ) 2 ) 植物 ( 名词 )
We planted some roses in the garden .
April is the time to plant trees .
They are planting vegetables .
［点拨］plant 还可作“工厂”讲。
2 . wonderful 极好的；精彩的 ( 形容词 )
That's a wonderful idea .
What a wonderful invention !
He told me a wonderful story .
［点拨］have a wonderful time 过得极为愉快。
3 . neither ( 两者 ) 都不
［点拨］1 ) ( 两者 ) 都不的 ( 形容词 )
Neither watch works , they are both broken .
［注意］neither 作形容词只能与单数名词或代词连用。
2 ) ( 用于否定句 ) 也不 ( 副词 )
John won't go , and neither will I .
He cannot swim , neither can his brother .
You did not see him , neither did I .
3 ) ( 常和 nor 连用 ) 也不 ( 连词 )
It is neither blue nor green .
Neither you nor I am right .
4 ) ( 两者 ) 都不 ( 代词 )
Neither of them is good health , but they work hard .
Neither of the stories was true .
［点拨］neither…nor…连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语的单复数符合就近一致原则。如：Neither you nor he is kind .
4 . nor 也不 ( 用在 neither , nor , not , never 等否定词之后 ) ( 连词 )
I have neither brothers nor sisters .
I didn't go , nor did they .
He doesn't want to go there , nor do I .
5 . dig 挖，掘 ( 动词 )
They have started digging their potatoes .
He was digging a hole .
The truth was dug out .
［点拨］dig 的过去式，过去分词，现在分词分别为 dug , dug , digging。
6 . hole 洞；坑
The boat has a hole in each side .
Please fill the hole in my tooth .
7 . deep 深的，深厚的，深色的 ( 形容词 )
There is a deep well in our village .
This river is not very deep .
Her coat is deep red .
The old man had a deep love for the Party .
［点拨］be deep in a book 埋头读书。talk deep into the night 谈到深夜。deep 常用于具体的深度，包括时间和空间。deeply 用于抽象的、比喻的“深”。
8 . earth 土；泥；地球；大地
Mother planted flowers in the earth .
The earth is bigger than the moon .
9 . tie ( 用绳、线等 ) 系；扎；拴 ( 动词 )
The boy tied the dog to the tree .
They tied him with cords .
I am tied to my work all day .
［点拨］tie sth to… 把……系 ( 拴 ) 在……tie sth , with sth . 用……系 ( 拴 ) … 10 . water 浇水、灌溉 ( 动词 )
They are watering flowers in the garden .
They are watering the streets .
［点拨］water 作抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时前面通常不用冠词，只有当它被一个限制性定语修饰时才加冠词。
11 . untrue 不真实的；假的 ( 形容词 )
It is an untrue story .
He is untrue to his friends .
［点拨］untrue 是由形容词 true 加前缀 un - 构成的。
12 . forest 森林
Most part of the country is made up of forest .
They travel in the forest once a year .
［点拨］forest 指占地广大，而人迹稀少，有鸟兽栖息的森林，而 wood 指树林，人工培植林，或已开发的林子。
13 . sand 沙；沙子；沙滩
A child likes to play with sand .
The children are playing games on the sands .
［点拨］sand 作“沙，沙子”讲是不可数名词，当“沙滩”讲是可数名词。
14 . copy 照搬；誊写；模仿 ( 动词 )
Copy the sentence down .
He copied a page of the book .
Copy this down in your notebook .
I want you to copy carefully from this model .
［点拨］Copy in the examination 考试作弊，Copy down 记下，抄下。
15 . northern 北方的；北部的 ( 形容词 )
The northern part of our country is very cold in winter .
［点拨］northern 无比较等极形式，类似的还有：southern 南方的，eastern 东方的，western 西方的。
16 . million 百万；百万个 ( 人或物 )
There are more than five million people in this city .
Millions of people went to the streets to welcome the king .
［点拨］million 前如有数词，million 则不加 s , 如加了s 后必接 of。
17 . toward ( s ) 向；朝；对于 ( 介词 )
A group of students are walking toward ( s ) she sea .
She was walking toward ( s ) town when I met her .
［点拨］在后跟人时，towards含有“态度性”。如：
Is he friendly towards her ?
What are his feelings towards us ?
18 . among 在……之中 ( 介词 )
She was sitting among her children .
I found him among the crowd .
There is a small house among the trees .
［点拨］among 表示三者或三者以上的之间。
19 . mountain 山；山脉
It is difficult to get to the top this mountain .
They are climbing the mountain .
The mountains were covered with snow .
［点拨］in ( the heart of ) mountains 在 ( 深 ) 山中，a mountain of difficulties 困难重重。
20 . grow
①种植；栽培 ( 及物动词 )
In early spring we grow trees around our house .
②生长，成长 ( 不及物动词 )
Plants cannot grow without water .
The rice is growing fine .
He has grown into a fine young man .
③发展，增长 ( 不及物动词 )
They city is growing fast .
The population is not growing so fast in this area .
［点拨］grow 的过去式，过去分词为 grew , grown . grow 还可作系动词用，后接形容词作表语，grow up 长大，成人。
单元词组思维运用
1 . neither…nor 既不……也不
He is neither Japanese nor Chinese .
Neither he nor I know that .
［注意］当它用来连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的形式取决于后一个主语的人称。试比较：
Neither you nor I am right .
Neither you nor he is right .
Neither he nor you are right .
2 . knock…into 把……插进；把……敲进
Knock a long , strong stick into the earth next to the hole .
A long stick must be knocked into the earth .
Knock the nail into the wall , please .
3 . make sure 务必；查明；弄确实
Make sure that it is straight .
Make sure that all the windows are closed .
Make sure you get there on time .
I think there is a train at 5 : 15 , but you'd better make sure .
Have you made sure of the time of the train ?
4 . in a few years' time 几年之后
In a few years' time , we hope to cover those mountains , too !
［注意］in… 's ( s' ) time , 表示“在某时间之后”，又如：
She is going to Beijing in three days' time .
I'll be back in a week's time .
He will be back in an hour's time .
He has promised to pay me in three months' time .
5 . tie…to 把…捆在 ( 拴在 ) ……
He tied the horse to the tree .
They tied the bad to the big tree .
When he woke up , he found himself tied down to the ground .
6 . be just right 正合适，合适的。
The weather is just right for travelling .
This book is just right for reading .
7 . stop…from doing 制止……不使……；阻止
It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south .
The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away .
8 . point to ( point at ) 指向，指引
He points to the high mountains far away .
He pointed the way to the bookstore ( station ) .
He pointed to ( at ) the forest .
9 . far away 遥远
The moon is far away from the earth .
She lives far away .
10 . thanks to 由于，幸亏，多亏
Thanks to the doctor , I am well again .
Thanks to John's kind help , we finished it early .
11 . more or less 或多或少，大约
He knows some English more or less .
It is helpful more or less .
They were more or less hungry .
The bicycle costs ＄100 more or less .
12 . be covered with 覆盖着，尽是
The table is covered with a cloth .
The mountains were covered with snow .
The trees are covered with flowers .
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元句型思路明晰
1 . so that 引导状语从句的句型
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight . 把树放在洞内，让它立直。
［明晰］so that 的意思是“以便，为了”，引导一个目的状语从句。又如：
We got up very early so that we could catch the train .
I ran very fast so that no one should catch up with me .
Close the door so that it is warm is the room .
2 . 现在进行时的被动语态句型
Today , too many trees are still being cut down it the USA . 在美国，今天还
有大量的树在被人们砍伐着。
［明晰］句中的 are being cut down 是现在进行时的被动语态。又如：
More Great Green Walls are being built all over the world .
The TV set is being repaired right now .
3 . the + 比较级，the + 比较级
The more , the better . 越多越好。
［明晰］①“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，意思是“越……越……。”又如：
- What size box do you want ?
- The bigger , the better .
Ask all of them to the party , the more , the better .
The more carefully you do the experiment , the better .
Start your work . The sooner , the better .
②“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”的完整句式是“the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓，the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓”，如：
The more people you know , the less time you have to see them .
The more I gave him , the more he wanted .
The more he eats , the fatter he gets .
The harder you work , the more you will learn .
The earlier we start our work , the sooner we can finish it .
4 . 表示计量的句型“数词 + 名词 + 形容词”
The Great Green Wall is 7 . 000 kilometres long , and between 400 - 1 , 700 kiiometres wide . 绿色长城长7000公里，宽400至1，700公里。
［明晰］表示计量的句型的常用结构形式：
“主 + 谓 + 数词 + 表示单位的名词 + 形容词”用来表示“某物有多长 ( 宽、深、高 ) 等，又如：
The wall is three metres high .
The stick is five inches long .
The boy is eight years old .
单元难点疑点释疑
1 . Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow ! 明天你穿旧衣服到学校来。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) 句中的介词 in 可表示服饰的穿着。例如：
Do you know the girl in the hat ?
He is often in brown .
What shall I go in ?
2 . It's Tree Planting Day . We're going to plant some trees .( 明天是 ) 植树节，我们将种一些树。
［释疑］plant 一词还可用作名词，意思是“植物”。例如：
There are different kinds of plants on that farm .
Plants can bring us much fresh air . 植物可带给我们大量新鲜的空气。
3 . Really ? Wonderful !
［释疑］ ( 1 ) wonderful 常用于对事物的赞叹、称许及惊讶，用以表达说话者分外惊奇的心情。在口语中使用时相当于great . 例如：
It's wonderful that you have won the football match .
His uncle is a wonderful maths teacher .
( 2 ) wonderful 是在名词 wonder ( 惊奇，奇迹 ) 后加上 -ful 构成的形容词，常见的还有：use - useful , help -helpful, care-careful, beauty -beautiful
4 . HOW TO PLANT A TREE 如何种树
［释疑］ ( 1 ) 英语中用作标题的文字，一般常用大写。
( 2 ) 不定式前面常常可以根据意思的需要与疑问副词或疑问代词一起构成短语
We don't know when to go there .
The problem is where to plant trees .
We were not sure what to do at that time .
5 . The ground must be just right - neither too wet nor too dry . 地面必须刚好适宜 , 既不太潮湿也不太干燥。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) neither…nor…连词，“既不……也不……”之意。分别放在两个平行的述说对象的前面。例如：
He is neither tall nor short .
I can neither sing nor dance .
Neither you nor he knows French .
上面句中的谓语动词形式取决于后一个主语的人称，这一点要特别注意。请比较：
Neither he nor you know French .
( 2 ) neither 一词单独使用时，可作副词或代词，意为“ ( 两者 ) 都不”，下列句中的名词或动词应用单数形式。例如：
Neither answer is right .
Neither of them knows me .
6 . Knock a long strong stick into the earth next to the hole . Make sure that it is straight . 把一根又长又结实的木棍顺着洞边插进土里，一定要把它立直。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) knock…into… “把……插进……；把……敲进……”。例如：
Please help me knock the nail into the wall .
( 2 ) next to “挨着”。例如：
His bedroom is next to mine .比较：
He lives in the next bedroom .
Next to our school is a big lake .
Who sits next to you ?
( 3 ) make sure “查明，弄确实”。例如：
You must make sure that he didn't lie .
It's hard for me to make sure whose handwriting is better .
7 . Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight . 把树放在洞内，让它立直。
［释疑］so that 意为“以便”，“为了”，引出一个表示目的的状语从句。又如：
He gets up early in the morning so that he can catch the early bus .
Close the door so that it is warm in the room .
8 . Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight . 把树和木棍的顶端捆好，以保持树能直立。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) tie…to…“把……捆在……”。例如：
They tied the bad man to the big tree .
Tie his hands to the back of the chair .
to keep it straight 是动词不定工，在句中作状语，表示捆树的目的。straight 是宾语 it 意义上的补充和延伸，所以叫做宾语补足语。又如：
We always keep our classroom clean .
Don't touch the machine . You must keep yourselves safe .
( 3 ) 在句中常用来作宾语补足语的还有动词不定式、分词、名词等。例如：
We all call him Lao Wang . 我们都叫他老王。
Who helped you to wash these clothes ?
I saw him going into the office when I came back last night .
9 . Water it well , as often as possible . 尽可能经常地给树浇好水。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) water 可用作动词，意为“给……浇水”。
英语中有些表示物质的名词也可用作动词，试比较下列句中 fish 及 rain 的词性。
He likes to fish on Sunday . But he doesn't like eating fish very much .
We had much rain last month , but it hasn't rained these days .
( 2 ) 类似 as often as possible 的说法还有：
as soon as possible 尽可能的快 ( 指时间 ) , as fast as possible 尽可能的快 ( 指速度 ) ,as more as possible 尽可能的多, as early as possible 尽可能的早
10 . Why was the Great Green Wall built ? 为什么要营造绿色长城 ?
［释疑］ ( 1 ) The Great Green Wall 指的是三北防护林，即：西北、东北和华北。
整个防护林横贯十三省、市、自治区。
( 2 ) 该句为一般过去时被动语态。
11 . In 1850 , about a third was covered by forests . 1850年，大约三分这一 ( 的美国国土 ) 被森林覆盖。A third 即为 one third 或 1/3。
［释疑］英语中分数的文字表达，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，先读分子，后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母用相应的复数。例如：2 / 3 读作 two thirds . 5 / 7 读作 five sevenths .
12 . A lot of good land has gone with them , leaving only sand . 大片的肥沃土壤随着森林的消失而流失，只留下一片荒沙。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) leaving only sand 在句中作状语，表示土壤流失后的景象。
( 2 ) leave 常用的两个意思为“离开”及“留下”。请比较下面两个句子：
The mother left the baby and hurried to work .
Don't leave your baby along in the room .
13 . Today , too many trees are still being cut down it the USA . 如今，在美国，大量的树木仍遭砍伐。
［释疑］句中的 are being cut down 是现在进行时的被动语态。
14 . China does not want to copy the USA's example . 中国不愿意步美国的后尘。
［释疑］copy 在此意为“照抄”，“照搬”。例如：
Copy a drawing . 临摹图画。
He is copying the sentences on the blackboard .
15 . The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away .
［释疑］stop…from doing sth . “阻止……以免……”，“防止……做某事”。
I have often stopped myself from doing something wrong .
You must stop that big dog from coming into the house .
16 . They must be built all over world . 全世界都必须营造绿色长城。
［释疑］含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词，又如：
This work must be finished in a week .
The trees should be watered often .
In south China , rice may be harvested three times a year .
17 . Many thousands of trees must be planted every year . 每年都得裁成千上万株树。
［释疑］ ( 1 ) many thousands of“数千；万千上万”，thousand 在此是名词。又如：hundreds of 好几百, millions of 数百万
( 2 ) hundred , thousand , million 也常常用作数词，此时后面不能加 s。例如：
We've learned about eight hundred English words .
That farmer had over five thousand ducks .
18 . The more , the better . 越多越好。
［释疑］这种句式的结构为：“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，意为“越……越……”。请看：
Ask all of them to come to the party . The more , the better .
Start your work . The sooner , the better .
The more I think of it , the happier I am .
The harder you work , the greater progress you will make .
19 . This year alone , we've already planted ten thousand trees . 仅仅在今年，我们已经裁了一万棵树。
［释疑］alone 是形容词，在句中意为“仅仅”。又如：
The people live by bread alone .
We all think that he alone can do it .
20 . But we're growing a lot more now , thanks to the Green Wall . 然而，幸亏有了绿色长城，我们现在种植了更多的粮食作物。
［释疑］thanks to…构成副词短语，意为“幸亏”，“由于”例如：
Thanks to their help , we won the match .
We arrived at the railway station in time , thanks to that bus driver .
21 . Is it straight ? More or less . 树放直了吗 ? 基本上是直的。
［释疑］more or less “或多或少，差不多”。例如：
What he said is more or less true .
22 . 同义词 wear , dress , in , put on , try on 的区别
［释疑］ ( 1 ) wear ( 穿，戴 ) ，表示穿着的状态，它不仅可以表示“穿着”某种
衣服，还可广义地用于穿鞋、穿袜、戴帽、戴手表、戴眼镜等。如：
She was wearing a red dress ( a pair of white gloves , glasses , a gold ring , a new watch ) at the ball that night . 那天晚上在舞会上她穿着红色连衣裙 ( 戴着一副白手套，眼镜，一枚金戒指，一块新手表 ) 。
( 2 ) dress ( 穿，穿着 ) ，既可表示穿着的动作，又可表示穿着的状态，只用于穿衣。当 dress 作及物动词时，后面的宾语只能是人。
Have you finished dressing ?
He dressed and went out .
She was dress in with .
Mother dressed the child .
( 3 ) in ( 穿着，身着 ) ，表示状态。in 是介词。
The PLA men are in green uniform .
The comrade in blue is director of the play .
Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow !
( 4 ) put on 强调“穿，戴”的动作，不能与表示持续性的时间状语连用。如：
He put on his coat and went out .
He put on his glasses to read the letter .
You don't need to put on your cap .
( 5 ) try on ( 试穿 ) ，表示动作，如：
I went to the tailors to try on my new suit .
Several pairs f shoes were tried on , but none of them were satisfactory .
Can I try it on ?
Mary was trying on a new dress .
23 . must be 的几种意义
［释疑］①在被动语态中，表示“必须，应当”即：
“must + be + 过去分词”，如：
Young trees must be looked after .
This thing must be handled with care .
A greenhouse must be built first .
This must be done as soon as possible .
②must be 表示一种推测，意思是“大概是”，“可能是”，“准是”，如：
He must be in the workplace now .
Grandpa Li must be over seventy now .
I'm afraid you must be right .
Ah ! it must be more delicious !
③must be 表示“必须是”，“一定是”。如：
The ground must be just right - Neither too wet nor too dry .
The answers must be right .
24 . 表示命令、请求和指示的交际用语
［释疑］命令、请求或指示对方干什么或不要干什么，在英语中最常用的是第二人称祈使句，主语 you 通常不表示出来。祈使句的肯定式以原形动词开始，句首或句尾可以加 please ; 祈使句的否定式以“Don't + 动词原形”开始。例如：
Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight .
Water the trees as often as possible .
Don't dig the hole too large .
25 . It's best to do sth . 最好是…… ( 干某事 )
［释疑］这是表示建议的交际用语，意思相当于“You'd better do sth . ” ( 你最好干某事 ) 。如 It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer . ( = You'd better plant trees in spring because it's warmer . )
It's best to water well when the earth is dry .
It's best to fill in the hole with earth .
It's best to harvest at the right time .
It's best to come to school in your old clothes tomorrow because we are going to plant trees in the park .
【 妙文赏析 】
The Lose Outweights the Gain
Joel Adams laments , “When we went on vacation two years ago , burglars broke in and stole ＄250 . So , last year I got smart , I left all the lights on and turned on all the radios and TV s . The burglars were afraid to show up and didn't get a cent - but the electric company got ＄523 ! ”
得不偿失
乔尔亚当斯悲叹道：“两年前我们外出度假，家里没有人，小偷撬门进来偷走了250
美元。去年我学聪明了。我把屋里所有的灯、收音机和电视都打开。小偷不敢来了，一分钱
都没偷走，可电力公司向我们要去了523美元 ! ”
【 思维体操 】
你能猜出下列谜语吗 ?
1 . What letter is a drink ?
2 . What letter is a part of the face ?
3 . What letter is an insect ?
4 . Which letter goes all around an is land ?
5 . What changes a pear into a pearl ?
6 . What is the most important thing in the world ?
7 . What is that which is seen twice in “every day”and four times in“every week”yet only once in“a year” ?
8 . Why is the letter B like fire ?
9 . Why is the letter F like a cows tail ?
10 . What part of London is in France ?
11 . Why is the letter G like the sun ?
12 . Why is the letter T like an is land ?
13 . Why is U the happiest letter ?
14 . Which letter is most useful to a deaf woman ?
15 . What letter in the alphabet and travel the greatest distance ?
16 . What is the end of everything ?
17 . In what way are the letter O and E neatly keep house a like ?
18 . What does the letter B do for boys as they grow up ?
19 . Why is a sewing machine like letter S ?
20 . Why is a false friend like the letter P ?
1 . T ( tea ) 2 . I ( eye ) 3 . B ( bee ) 4 . C ( sea ) 5 . L 6 . The letter E , because it is first in everything and everybody . 7 . Letter E . 8 . because it makes oil boil . 9 . Because it is at the end of beef . 10 . The letter N .