点击词汇表
1．apply sth to sth 运用，应用某事物
The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology.
这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发方面。
I’d never apply the word “readable” to any of his books.
我决不会把他的任何一本书称为是“可以一读的”。
apply (to sb) (for sth) 申请，请求
We’ve applied to a charitable organization for a grant for the project.
我们已向一个慈善机构提出申请，要求其为这个项目提供资助。
apply to sb/sth 与某人／某物有关；有效；适用
What I have said applies only to some of you.
我所说的仅仅适用于你们中的部分人。
apply oneself/sth to sth/doing sth 集中精力（做事）；专心
You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work/studying.
你只有真正专心致志学习，考试才能及格。
2．adapt (sth/oneself) to sth 适应新环境等
Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system.
许多软件公司改编通用程序以适应新的操作系统。
The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environment.
儿童的好处在于他们可以很容易地适应新环境。
adapt sth for sb/sth 使某事物适合于新的用途、情况等；修改某事物
The play had been adapted for children.
该剧已被改编适合儿童观看。
3．add (sth) up 加起来
The waiter can’t add up.
这个服务员不会算账。
Add up all the money I owe you.
把我应付你的钱都加在一起。
add up to ... 总计，总共；相等于；意为
These numbers add up to 100.
这些数目合计为100。
These clues don’t really add up to very much.
这些线索没什么实际意义。
4．lose heart 泄气，灰心
Don't lose heart even if you fail in the exam.
考试中即使失败了也不要失去信心。
5．take it/things easy 放松；不过分努力
I like to take it easy when I’m on holiday.
我在假日里愿意轻松一些。
6．keep sth up 继续使某事物保持同样的（通常指高的）水平；不让（精力等）衰退，维持，保持；遵守某事物；保养，维修（房屋，花园等）
When I stopped studying, I was still keen to keep up French.
我不读书了，可还是很想坚持学法语。
They sang songs to keep their morale up.
他们唱着歌以保持高昂的士气。
Wherever Jews live together, they keep up old customs.
犹太人聚居的地方，古老的风俗都在沿袭着。
The house is becoming too expensive for them to keep up.
他们的房子维修费用贵得他们越来越维修不起了。
7．beyond prep. 在或向（某物）的远处；迟于或超过（某一时间）；越过（某事物）范围；除了
The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
这条路绵延不断越过村子直入山中。
She carried on teaching well beyond retirement age.
她早已超过退休年龄仍在教书。
After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond recognition.
25年过去了，市中心已变得认不出来。
I didn’t notice anything beyond his rather strange accent.
除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外，我没注意到别的。
8．burden n. 重负；（难以承担的）职责、义务、责任等
The little donkey struggled under its heavy burden.
小驴在重负下挣扎。
Buying a house often places a big financial burden on young couples.
对于年轻夫妇来说，买房通常是一种沉重的经济负担。
burden (v.) sb/oneself (with sth) 加负担于某人（自己）
I don’t want to burden you with my problems.
我不想用我的问题给你增加负担。
9．accustomed adj. 惯常的，习惯的
This is not the kind of treatment I’m accustomed to.
这不是我惯常受到的那种待遇。
10．on all fours 双手和双膝着地，趴着
The baby was crawling about on all fours.
婴儿那时正在满地爬。
11．deliver v. 递送，传送（信件、包裹、货物等）；给予，发表
We’re having pizza delivered to where we live for dinner tonight.
我们让人把比萨饼送上门，今晚当晚饭吃。
The priest delivered a passionate speech against war.
牧师发表了一篇充满激情的反战演说。
12．go for 得到；争取
She tripped me as I went for the ball.
我接球时她把我绊倒了。
Are you planning to go for the scholarship to Harvard University?
你打算争取上哈佛的奖学金吗？
词语辨析
1．quit; stop; pause
这些词都有“停止”的意思，但意思各有侧重。“quit”除表示停止，更常用于表示离开某处或工作，辞职不干；“stop”是常用词，表示使人或事物的活动、进展、操作等停止，中止或暂停，另外还可以表示阻止的意思；“pause”则侧重于中止、暂停或停顿的意思。
I’m going to quit smoking next week.
下星期我准备戒烟。
Would you quit your job if you got lots of money?
如果得到大笔钱，你会不会辞去工作呢？
He stopped the medicine and left the room.
他停下机器，离开了房间。
You can’t stop our going if we want to.
如果我们想去，你是阻止不了的。
She paused to get her breath back and then carried on jogging.
她停下喘口气然后继续慢跑。
2．believe; believe in
“believe”意思是相信某事物的真实性或认为某人的话属实；“believe in”意思是相信某事物或人，以及肯定某事物的价值或正确性，还可以表示相信某人或事物的存在。
Strangely, no one believed us when we told them we’d been visited by a creature from Mars.
奇怪的是，当我们告诉他们一个火星人来过时，居然没人相信。
I’m told he’s been in prison, and I can well believe it.
有人对我说他进过监狱，我完全能够相信这一点。
The robbers are believed to have escaped form Heathrow Airport.
据说强盗从西斯罗机场逃脱的。
He believes in getting plenty of exercise.
他相信多做运动必有好处。
I believe in his good character, no matter what you say.
不管你怎么说，我相信他品德良好。
Do you believe in ghosts?
你相信有鬼吗？
难句分析
1．The animals dragged their legs, too weak to ... their tongues hung out ... (L12, Para.3)
这句话中的两个划线部分都在文章中充当状语，第一个是形容词短语做状语，并用“too ... to ...（太...... 而不能......）”结构加以修饰；第二个划线部分由名词加过去分词（表示被动）构成，称为独立主格结构，该结构还可以由名词加现在分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语构成。
例：Little Mary was standing in front of the headmaster, too afraid to say a word.
小玛丽站在校长面前，因为太害怕而说不出一句话。
The test finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
2．Lying around them were chains ... (L3, Para. 4)
这是一个表语提前的完全倒装句，句子的主语是“chains”，”Lying around them”为表语。
例：Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
他们可以随心所欲的日子过去了。
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授以及其他的客人。
3．If untreated, it would produce ... (P. 53)
这句话涉及两种语言现象，“if untreated”为状语从句的省略：当特定的连词when, while, if, although, even though等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，并且从句中出现be动词，可以省略状语从句的主语连同be动词，留下连词加分词的形式；而主语的“it would”则使用了虚拟语气中的非真实条件句，表示未来事情发生的几率不是很高。这句话说完整应为“If it were untreated, it would produce ...”。
例：Don’t speak to me unless spoke to.
除非我和你说话，否则不要和我说话。
Look out while crossing the street.
过马路时要当心。
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
如果我的律师上星期六在这里，他会阻止我去的。
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
如果你成功了，一切都会好的。
If they were here, they would give you some advice.
如果他们现在在这里，他们就会给你一些建议了。
经典例析
1. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. （2004上海春季卷)
A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing
［为你支招］本句中“drive”做定语修饰主语，“seize”是谓语动词，并与后面的“take”并列，所以应该用过去时形式；“disappear”放在句面，使用分词形式充当状语，该词为不及物动词，应使用现在分词形式。答案为D。
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生确定谓语动词的能力，同时也考查了分词作定语和状语的用法。
2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ________ your lecture. （2000上海卷)
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
［为你支招］根据上句所提供的语境，可以判断出“他不可能听了你的讲座”，并且这件事发生在昨天下午，所以选择答案A，表示对过去的否定性猜测。B的意思为“本不必做”，C的形式不存在，D的意思为“本不应该做”。
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生使用情态动词表示猜测的能力。
3. ---- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---- Oh, that’s ________. （2003北京春季卷）
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
［为你支招］本题四个选项均为名词性从句，充当表语，语法结构都是正确的；解题关键是根据上句判断出意思符合的选项。答案为A.
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生在语法正确的情况下，根据语境选择答案的能力。
4. I can think of many cases ________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. （2003上海卷）
A. why B. which
C. as D. where
［为你支招］本题主句完整，从句完整，根据选项，可以判断出此处需要一个关系副词连接主句和定语从句；根据先行词“case”，应选择答案D，表示“在这些情况下”，也可使用“in which”。
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生根据语境选择定语从句连接词的能力。
5. They ________ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far. （2005江苏卷）
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
［为你支招］本题中前一个空格发生的动作在“我加入”之前，并且延续了一段时间，所以使用过去完成进行时；后一个空格表示目前正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时。答案为A.
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生正确运用谓语动词时态的能力。
每周一练
一、单项选择
1. I’m not accustomed to ________.
A. treating like this B. being treated like this C. be treated like this D. treat like this
2. The Russian relay team will again be ________ the gold medal at the Olympic Games.
A. going after B. going on with C. going for D. going against
3. I was made to write a composition in English, but I don’t know ________.
A. what to write about B. how to begin with C. how to write about D. what to write
4. The temple is on the top of the mountain, ________ is hard ________.
A. it, to reach B. which; to arrive at C. which; to be got to D. that; to be arrived at
5. You are wet all over. You ________ in the rain.
A. may be caught B. must have caught C. must catch D. must have been caught
6. ________ earlier, I could have done something.
A. Have I been informed B. Had I been informed
C. I have been informed D. If I have been informed
7. They should be asked to give their reasons ________ without our permission.
A. to enter B. entering C. for them to enter D. for entering
8. I ________ a policy that redirects the money used for war and military spending to provide healthcare, education, housing, and jobs
A. stand for B. go in for C. give up D. share with
9. ---- Does Nancy do her new job well?
---- ________ her old job. I think she is hopeless.
A. Not better than B. No better than C. Not so good as D. Not as well as
10. Not only the astronauts but also the dog has returned ________ from the space journey.
A. alive B. lived C. live D. life
11. I have no idea ________ they have kept in touch with each other by writing email.
A. what B. how long C. why D. when
12. I’ll go to Tom’s. Do you have any message _______ to him?
A. to deliver B. to be delivered C. being delivered D. be delivered
13. On the ground ________ who had been starved to death.
A. an old man lay B. lay an old man C. was lying an old man D. .an old man lying
14. Is it the Guangming Theatre ________ you are going to watch Beijing Opera.
A. where B. that C. which D. in that
15. He was lying on his back in the bed, his eyes ________,
A. wide opening B. wide open C. open widely D. wide opened
16. You can’t go out in the evening ________ to.
A. until allowed B. unless agreed C. unless allowed D. until agreed
17. Mother ________ before she goes to bed every night.
A. makes sure to turn off all the lights C. makes sure all the lights will be turned off
C. makes sure that all the lights are off D. makes sure of all the lights be off
18. She’s been ________ cancer for two years.
A. suffered B. suffering of C. suffering from D. suffered from
19. I like ________ when it rains on a summer morning.
A. it B. that C. which D. this
20. The suggestion has been made ________ the basketball game ________ put off.
A. for, to B. that, be C. which, should be D. that, will be
二、根据汉语完成句子
1. We must ________ （运用）our minds to finding a solution.
2. ________（比较）house prices in the two areas, you’ll be amazed how different they are.
3. Jim was asked by his father to remain optimistic and ________（不要灰心）。
4. Jobs are hard to find, but ________ （就他而言）that’s not the problem because he has so much experience.
5. I loving driving along narrow country roads that ________ （排成行）trees.
6. We had to ________ （修改）our plans to fit Jack’s timetable.
7. ________（1988年冬天），Candy gave birth to a daughter, her fifty child.
8. The river is quite busy, with ________（各式各样的船只来来往往）.
9. All things, both good and bad, must ________ （结束）.
10. The match ________ （中止）at half-time because of the poor weather conditions.
三、根据所给短语翻译下列句子。
1．那个男人在事故中严重受伤，现在他的生命处于危急中。（at stake）
2．他们要向公众表明，他们在做一件重要而又必要的工作。（make … clear)
3．原料费用昂贵使得产品价格居高不下。（keep … up）
4．他每周都给母亲写信。（fail to）
5．我把门锁上，以便我们可以继续讨论而不受打扰。（so that, without）
6．保罗从不为任何事犹豫，他只是尽力去争取。（go for）
7．我想门已经锁上了，但我最好还是去确认一下。（make sure）
8．你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们必须马上动身去火车站。（set off）
9．这种情况下，重新检查病人的记录尤其重要。（in this case）
10．司机在红绿灯处把车停住。（pull up）
四、根据适当的词组填空。
share with, stand for, get accustomed to, come to an end, hang out, lose one’s way, believe in,
be honest with, apply for, leave behind,
1. You don’t have to ________ that sort of behaviour from him-he’s not your boss.
2. At first we ________ in the forest, but after three hours we managed to find the right way out.
3. I ________ the fundamental goodness of human nature.
4. Our house isn’t big enough for the children each to have their own room, so they each have to ________ someone else.
5. It’ll take time for me to ________ the new school.
6. By the time I saw the job advertised it was too late to ________ it.
7. Since liberation, peasants’ suffering days have ________.
8. She was ________ her washing on the line.
9. To ________ you, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.
10. Since she began to work, she’s ________ that kind of student life.
五、单句改错。
1. I saw your name on a list of teacher who wished to spend their holidays in France this summer.
2. One of the students who were sitting in front gave a different answer to the question.
3. The mixture of coffee, milk, and sugar tastes differently from tea.
4. It was a long time since I saw Tom at my uncle’s and I don’t know where he’s been these months.
5. We’ve missed the last bus. We have no choice but walk home.
6. She had a feeling that the sad-looking man was not a person she could trust or talk.
7. No person can really be happy who are not trying to give happiness to others.
8. The first two questions in the test paper were difficult, but the rest was easy.
9. What modern science and technology helps the society progress is a fact accepted by most people.
10. Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
答案：
一、1－5 BCABD 6－10 BDABA 11－15 BBBAB 16－20 CCCAB
二、1. apply 2. Comparing 3. not to lose heart 4. in his case 5. are lined with 6. adapt
7. In the winter of 1988, 8. all kinds of ships coming and going 9. come to an end 10. was abandoned
三、1. The life of the man, who got seriously injured in the accident, is now at stake.
2. They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.
3. The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.
4. He never fails to write to his mother week after week.
5. I locked the door so that we could continue to discuss without being disturbed.
6. Paul never hesitated about anything, and he just went for what he wanted.
7. I believe the door has been locked, but I’d better go and make sure.
8. If you want to catch the train, we have to set off for the railway station at once.
9. In this case, it’s got extremely important to review the patient’s records.
10. The driver pulled up at the traffic lights.
四、1. stand for; 2. lost our way; 3. believe in; 4. share with; 5. get accustomed to; 6. apply for;
7. come to an end; 8. hanging out; 9. be honest with; 10. left behind
五、1. teacher→teachers; 2. in∧the; 3. differently→different; 4. was→is; 5. but∧to;
6. talk∧to; 7. are→is; 8. was→were; 9. What→That; 10. give→gives
语法专项练习----定语
单项选择：
1. He has made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. of which I think it is D. I think which is
2. ---- Can you tell me anything about the fire ________ last night?
---- I’m afraid, ________.
A. that broke out, very little B. broke out, just a little
C. happened, only a little D. taking place, a little
3. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
4. With the little ________ money, the child told me in a ________ voice that on the way home, most of his money had been stolen.
A. remained, trembled B. remaining, trembling
C. remaining, trembled D. remained, trembleing
5. We have heard of Thomas Edison, ________ who invented the electric light and many other things.
A. man B. a man
C. the man D. what
6. ---- Will you please ________ the new teacher for us?
---- I’m glad to. He’s a ________ man with good manners.
A. describe, handsome tall young B. introduce, tall young handsome
C. say, handsome young tall D. tell, young handsome tall
7. As many students ________ were present agreed to my plan.
A. who B. that
C. which D. as
8. The problem ________ at present has something important to do with our working conditions.
A. discuss B. to be discussing
C. being discussed D. to discuss
9. People need houses ________ and food ________.
A. to live, to eat B. to live in, to eat
C. living, eating D. to live in, to be eaten
10. You’d better think of ________ possibilities before doing it.
A, such these B. these all
C. all such D. such all
11. If I had ________, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
12. They could only read such stories ________ had been rewritten in simple English.
A. that B. which
C. as D. what
13. She studied hard when she was in school, ________ contributes greatly to her career.
A. that B. so
C. so that D. which
14. You can come to see me from one to two o’clock, ________ I will stay at home.
A. during the time B. during that time
C. during which time D. during which
15. This accident took place on a ________ morning in September.
A. Sunder cold rainy B. rainy Sunday cold
C. rainy cold Sunday D. cold rainy Sunday,
16. Shanghai has a ________ population of over ten million.
A. complete B. whole
C. total D. all
17. ---- I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything ________ there?
---- No, but thank you all the same.
A. taken B. to take
C. taking D. to be taken
18. We held the meeting in a meeting room, ________ 2000 people.
A. holding B. held
C. to hold D. which was held
19. When lost in work, ________ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
A. which B. so
C. just like D. as
20. Is it the country ________ you studied ________ you are going to visit next week?
A. in which, which B. where, that
C. that, that D. which, that
答案：1－5 AABCC 6－10 ADCBC 11－15ACDCD 16－20CDADB
高考试题链接
1. The place ________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （2005江苏卷）
A. which, where B. at which, which
C. at which, where D. which, in which
2. ________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. （2005江苏卷）
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
3. All the rooms are ________ with electric lights. （1995上海卷）
A. supplied B. given
C. offered D. burnt
4. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. （2002全国卷）
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
5. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. （2002上海春季卷）
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
6. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________ with each other. （2003全国卷）
A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled
C. have they quarrelled D. had they quarrelled
7. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. （2003北京春季卷）
A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored
C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring
8. I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word. （2001全国卷）
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
9. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ________ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. （2000北京春季卷）
A. that B. while
C. which D. when
10. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. （2003上海卷）
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having inviting
答案： 1－5 CBADC 6－10 CABDA