load n.[C]
1.) 装载;担子 The load on that beam is more than it will bear. 那根梁上的载重超过了它所能承受的量。
2.) (精神方面的)负担;重任 The good news has taken a load off my mind. 听了这个好消息我就放心了。
3.) (车,船等的)装载量;一车(或一船等)货物 The truck was carrying a load of sand. 卡车装运一车沙子。
4.) 工作量
Measures have been taken to lighten the load of the hospital doctors.已采取措施减轻医院医生的负担。
vt.
1.) 装,装载[(+with)] The workers are loading the ship with coal. 工人正把煤装上船。
2.) 把弹药装入(枪,炮);把胶卷装入(照相机) Don\'t forget to load your camera. 别忘了给你的相机装胶卷。
3.) 使摆满;使充满;使长满 [(+with)] The air was loaded with soot. 空气充满煤烟。
4.) 大量给予[(+with)] His brothers and sisters loaded him with books. 他的哥哥姐姐送给他许多书。
vi. 1.) 装货[(+up)] Have they finished loading up yet? 他们把货物装完了吗?
2.) 上子弹 The soldiers loaded and fired. 士兵们装上子弹便射击。
Compulsory adj.
1.) 必须做的;义务的;必修的 Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修科目吗?
Education is compulsory for children in most countries. 多数国家对儿童实施义务教育。
2.) 强制的,强迫的 compulsory legislation强制性立法
tendency n.[C]
1.) 倾向;癖性;天分[(+to/toward)][+to-v]
He has a tendency towards pessimism.他有悲观的倾向。
Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things.鲍勃有爱夸张的倾向。
2.) 趋势,潮流[(+to/toward)][+to-v]
There is a tendency towards regional cooperation.有一种地区性合作的趋势。
3.) 倾向;意向 His new magazine has anarchic tendencies.他的新杂志有无政府主义倾向。
drop out
1.) 脱离 Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour. 很幸运的,在交易变坏前我已退出了。
One of my teeth has dropped out. 我的一只牙齿掉了。
2.) 退出;退学 She dropped out of school to become a waitress. 她退学去当女招待。
expand vt.
1.) 展开,张开(帆,翅等) The eagle expanded its wings. 老鹰展开翅膀。
2.) 使膨胀;使扩张
3.) 扩大;扩充;发展 He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考虑扩展他的生意。
4.) 详述 They have expanded my view on the question. 他们已更充分地阐明了我对这个问题的观点。
vi. 1.) 展开,张开 2.) 扩张;发展;增长
In ten years the city\'s population expanded by 12%. 十年之中,该城人口增加了百分之十二。
3.) 膨胀 Water expands when it freezes. 水结冰时体积膨胀。
A tire expands when you pump air into it. 轮胎打了气就会胀大。
4.) 详细说明[(+on/upon)]
distribute vt.
1.) 分发;分配[(+to/among)] They had distributed the lands among the peasants. 他们把土地分给农民。
2.) 散布,分布[(+over)]
This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country. 这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。
3.) 分,分开[(+into)] The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups. 老师把学生分成三组。
donate vt.
捐献,捐赠[(+to)] She donated her books to the library. 她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。
donate blood献血
vi. 捐献,捐赠[(+to/towards)] My husband donates to that group every year. 我丈夫每年都捐钱给那个组织。
donation n.[(+to)]
1.) 捐献,捐赠[U][C] She made a donation of $5,000 to the Children\'s Hospital. 她捐了五千美元给儿童医院。
2.) 捐款;捐赠物[C]
curriculum n.[C]
1.) 学校的全部课程
The student is very knowledgeable because he also studies things not in the curriculum.
这个学生知识很丰富,因为在学校课程以外他还学习别的东西。
2.) (一门)课程
The professor is busy preparing his chemistry curriculum plan. 这位教授正忙于准备他的化学课程计划。
profession n.
1.) (尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者,如律师、医生、教师的)职业，专业[C]
She intends to make teaching her profession. 她打算以教书为业。
2.) 同业,同行[sing.]
The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid. 教师同行们声称待遇太差。
He is a leading member of the medical profession. 他是医疗业中首屈一指的医生。
3.) 声明;表白[C][(+of)] She did not believe in his professions of love. 她不相信他的爱情表白是真的。
比较：career n.
1.) (终身的) 职业，事业[C] He wasn\'t interested in her stage career. 他对她的演戏职业不感兴趣。
2.) 经历;生涯;历程[C]
He found it both interesting and instructive to learn about the careers of great men.
他觉得了解伟人的生平既很有趣又有教益。
比较：occupation n.
1.) 工作,职业[C] What is your father’s occupation? 你父亲的职业是什么？
2.) 消遣;日常事务[C][U] He was bored for lack of occupation. 他因无所事事而感到厌烦。
3.) 占领,占据;占领时期[U]
The Japanese occupation of Taiwan lasted fifty-one years. 日本占领台湾达五十一年之久。
4.) 占用;居住;占用(或居住)期
No one is yet in occupation of the house. 这所房子还没有人住进去。
所以，在三个表示职业的词中，profession n.(尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者,如律师、医生、教师的)职业，专业，[C]；career n. (终身的)职业，事业[C]；occupation n.职业，工作 [C]，是一种泛指。
advocate vt.
拥护;提倡;主张[+v-ing]He advocates reforming the prison system. 他主张改良监狱制度。
obtain vt. 得到,获得 He failed to obtain a scholarship. 他没有获得奖学金。
They obtained a loan from the government. 他们从政府那里得到一笔贷款。
vi. 得到公认;通用;流行;存在
Those conditions no longer obtain. 那些情形已不存在。
The custom still obtains in some areas. 某些地区仍保留着这一习俗。
gain vt. 1.) 得到; 获得, 赢得 (战争、诉讼等有用、需要之物)
Our army gained the battle. 我们的军队赢得了那场战役。
He gained possession of more land. 他拥有了更多的土地。
2.) 获得（利益、利润等） I gained $3 by selling it for more than I paid for it. 我可以贱买贵卖获利3 美元。
3.) 增加,增添 I gained five pounds in a week. 我一个星期体重增加了五磅。
obtain 和gain两个词在表示“获得”时，有下面的区别：
To obtain means to get esp. by making some effort;
To gain means to get or obtain something useful, necessary, wanted, etc esp. over a length of time and as an addition to what one has
select vt.
选择,挑选,选拔[(+for/from)]
He selected a team for the special task. 他为这项特殊任务挑选了一组人马。
Mr. Reed has been selected to represent us on the committee. 里德先生代表我们已被选入委员会。
vi. 做出选择,挑选
adj. 1.) 挑选出来的;精选的
A select group of their friends was invited to the wedding. 他们的经过挑选的一群朋友应邀参加婚礼。
2.) 上等的,优等的,卓越的 She only stays at select hotels. 她只住一流旅馆。
select/elect/ choose的区别
choose指在两个或多个中选择其一，可与from或between连用；select通常是指同类事物中选择最好或最合适的；elect 则指通过选举选出。
Will you help me choose myself a new coat? 请你帮我选一件新外套，好吗？
If you had to choose (between) staying here alone or going with me, what would you do?
是一个人呆在这里，还是同我一起去，如果你必须对此做出选择，你会怎么做呢？
He selected a pair of socks to match his suit. 他挑选了一双与他所穿的衣服相配的短袜。
They elected Nixon as President. 他们选举尼克松为总统。
choose和 elect 都有“决定”的意思，只是elect 比choose 正式，并常常指有关将来的重大的大决定。在结构上，choose 之后还可有that 引导的宾语从句。
He chose not to go home until later. 他决定晚些时再回家。
He chose that we should stay. 他决定说，我们得留下来。
He elected to be a doctor. 他决定将来当一名医生。
suit n. (一套)衣服[C] I picked out a black suit. 我挑了一套黑色西装。
vt. suit 1.) 适合,中...的意
Would Friday morning suit you? 星期五早上对你合适吗?
The arrangement suited us both. 这个安排对我们两人都合适。
2.) (不用被动式) 与...相配,与...相称 This dress suits you beautifully. 这件衣服你穿非常合适。
3.) 使合适; 使适应 [(+to)] Her speech was well suited to the occasion. 她的讲话在这个场合十分得体。
vi. 1.) 合适,适当 Will that time suit? 这时间合适吗?
2.) 相称; 彼此协调 [(+to/with)] The position suits with his abilities. 这个职位与他的能力相称。
比较：fit作动词的用法
vt. 1.） (衣服)合...身;与...相称 This dress doesn\'t fit me. 这件衣服不适合我穿。
2.） 适合于;使适合 [(+for)]
Her training fits her for the job. 她所受的训练使她能胜任这项工作。
We must fit the action to the word. 我们必须言行一致。
3.） 安装 Can you fit the electric fire for me? 你能替我装上电炉吗?
vi. 1.） (衣服)合身;适合 Does this shirt fit? 这件衬衫合身吗?
2.） 符合;配合
重难点解析
● Listening and speaking
1. People aged 15 and over who are unable or find it very difficult to read.
十五岁及以上不识字或识字有困难的人。
（1）aged 形容词。①本句中意为“有…岁的，…年纪的。”
e.g. Among the smokers, about 20 percent of them are children aged between 13 and 15 years old.
百分之二十的吸烟者是13至15岁的儿童。
In the morning old people get up early and practice Qigong in groups in parks, and a lot of middle-aged people dance together.清晨，老年人早起在公园里成群地练气功，中年人在一起跳舞。
② aged 还有“年老的”意思。 “the aged”指“老年人”。
e.g. The sick and the aged need our help. 这些病人和老年人需要我们的帮助。
The aged woman was wrinkled and bent. 这个老妇人满脸皱纹，佝偻着腰。
● Reading
1. In China, as in other countries, the government realizes that the future welfare of its citizens is closely linked to education. 在中国，正如在别的国家，政府意识到公民未来的幸福与教育紧密相关。
(1) as in other countries,相当于as it is in other countries, it 指代的是后面提到的情形。
e.g. In India, as in China, you can enjoy ancient culture and attractive scenery.
在印度，正如在中国，你可以领略到古老的文化和迷人的风景。
(2) be closely linked to “与…紧密相关的”。由“link sth to(with) sth”而来，意为：“使和…联系起来”。相当于“be related to”.
e.g. Ice and snow are closely linked to the lives of Canadians. 冰与雪与加拿大人的生活紧密相关。
Violence is the activity that has been most frequently linked with the consequences of TV.
暴力行为往往与看电视的后果相联系。
2．In areas where agriculture plays an important role, people do not attach importance to education, and parents are skeptical of anything that takes children away from their work on the farm. 在农业占主要地位的地区，人们并不重视教育，父母亲对任何有碍他们的孩子干农活的事都持怀疑态度。
（1）attach importance (significance )to 意为“重视”。
e.g. Do you attach any importance to what he said. 你认为他说的话重要吗？
The government should attach importance to various types of education to meet the needs of the changing world. 政府应当重视发展各种类型的教育以适应不断发展的社会。
（2）be skeptical of /about 表示“（对某事物）不肯相信，常怀疑的（unwilling to believe sth）”。
“skeptical”为美式拼写， 在英国英语中拼成“skeptical”.
e.g. I’m rather skeptical about their professed sympathy for the poor.他们声称同情穷人，我对此有些怀疑。
They say apple clean your teeth, but I’m skeptical about that myself.
他们说苹果能清洁牙齿，我对此持怀疑态度。
3． China and other countries found that even when children from the countryside do start school, they have a tendency often to be absent and often drop out later. 中国和别的国家都发现，即使这些农村来的孩子真的开始上学，他们也总有逃学并最终辍学的倾向。
have a tendency to do do sth 意为“倾向，趋向。” “tendency” 的动词为“tend”
“tendency” 还可构成“（have） a tendency to /towards”的词组。
e.g. Milk has a tendency to go sour in hot weather . 热天牛奶易变坏。
Boys have a stronger tendency to fight than girls. 男孩比女孩更有打斗倾向。
All children have a tendency towards illness. 小孩都较易患病。
(1) drop out 表示“退出，掉队，退学”之意。
e.g. The class began with ten students, but several have dropped out within the last month.
这个班级开始时有10个学生，但在最后一个月时，好几个人退学了。
Teenagers who drop out of high school have trouble finding jobs.
中途辍学的青少年求职时会碰到困难。
4． China’s large population meant that the schools had to expand to take in many more students. 中国大量的人口意味着学校不得不扩大以接纳更多的学生。
（1） mean在此句中意为：“意味着…”后面可以跟名词、动名词或从句。
e.g. Life to him meant action, rather than thought. 对他来说，生活意味着行动，而不是思索。
I won’t wait if it means delaying more than a week. 我不会等待，如果这意味着耽搁一个多星期。
In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.
(2002上海春招) 在伦敦的一些地区，错过一辆巴士意味着得再等一个小时。
(1) expand 表示“扩大，增大（become greater in size, number or importance）”.
e.g. Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我们的对外贸易近来有极大的发展。
His modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire.
他原先不大的生意后来扩展成了超级市场集团企业。
（4）take in 本句中意为“接受，接纳。”它还可以表示以下等含义：
① 理解，领会，明白
e.g. They listened to my lecture, but how much did they take in, I wonder?
他们听了我的讲座，但是我怀疑他们到底听懂了多少。
② 包括，涉及
e.g. The article takes in all aspects of the problem. 这篇文章包括了这个问题的所有方面。
③ 欺骗，使上当
e.g. Don’t trust that fellow, he’ll take you in if he gets the chance.
不要相信那个家伙，他一有机会就回会骗你。
④ 将（衣服）收小，改瘦。
e.g. I’m getting much thinner, I’ll take in all my clothes. 我瘦多了，我得将我所有的衣服都改小。
5． In north and central Australia the population is so spread out that children in some rural settlements can be as far as 1,000 km away from the nearest school. 在澳大利亚的中北部地区，人口非常分散，以至于一些居住在乡村地区的儿童离最近的学校也有1000公里路。
spread out 表示“散开”的意思。
e.g. Halong Bay in Vietnam is made up of three thousand islands spread out in the clear green waters of the sea. (SEFC B 2B U15) 越南的九龙湾由三千个岛屿构成，这些岛屿散布在蔚蓝清澈的大海中。
Don’t all sit together, spread yourselves out. 别都挤在一块儿，分开坐吧。
6． In these countries, where some people do not even have fresh water or basic health care, reaching the target of “Education for All” will be a huge task, despite help from the international community. 在这些国家里，有些人甚至不能喝到新鲜的水，得到基本的健康护理，要达到普及教育的目标将是一个艰巨的任务，尽管能得到国际社社会的支持。
（1） 此句中where引导的定语从句限定前面的countries. 本文中出现了较多的where 引导的定语从句。应注意前面的先行词。如：
① In the Turks and Caicos Islands, where there are less than 20,000 people, the number of students in some schools is so low that students of several different grades are taught in the same class.
在特克司和凯科斯群岛， 人口不足两万，有些学校学生数量很少，以至于几个不同年级的学生在同一间教室里上课。
② To solve this, Australia uses “distance learning” method, where the students have lessons by two-way radio and mail.
为了解决这个问题，澳大利亚采用了远程教学的方法，学生们可以通过双向广播和邮件传递来学习。
● Language study
1. In today’s world of computerized working and developing technology, continued education is often essential for people to meet the changing requirements of their profession. 在工作电脑化和科技不断发展的今天，为了满足人们职业的不断变化的需求，继续教育是非常必要的。
(1) 此句中应注意几个非谓语动词computerized, continued , developing和changing，在句中作定语, 分别限定其后面的名词。过去分词表被动，现在分词表示正在进行。
(2) computerize “用计算机做某事，使计算机化”。
e.g. The accounts section has been completely computerized. 会计科已完全计算机化了。
computerize 的后缀- ize或 –ise表示“使…,…化”。类似结构的词有modernize(现代化), realize(意识到)，apologize(道歉)，popularize(使…受欢迎)等。
(3) 此句中continued为形容词，作定语。 意为：“继续不停的(going without stopping)”。
e.g. We have accumulated rich experience for the continued education of government employees and professionals.我们在组织和实施公务员和专业技术人员继续教育方面积累了相当丰富的经验。
(4) meet/satisfy/ fulfill the requirements “满足…的需求”。
e.g. Our latest model should meet your requirements exactly. 我们的最新型号包你满意。
In applying for the position of sales manager I offer my qualifications, which believe will meet your exacting requirements.为了申请销售经理的职位，附上我的合格证书，我认为会符合你们严格的要求的。
Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
你的文章应该包含提供的所有信息，并满足以下要求。
2. Parents are not prepared to send girls to school because they do not believe it will be
of any benefit. 父母亲不愿意把女儿送去上学，因为他们认为这不会带来任何好处。
(1) 此句中be prepared to 意为“能够并愿意做某事（be able and willing to do sth）”。
e.g. I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back.我愿意把钱借给你，你得答应还给我。
I ’m not prepared to stay and listen to these outrageous insults.我可不愿意在这儿受这种奇耻大辱。
（2）be of benefit to
① be of benefit to “对…有好处”。benefit前可用“real, great, much, immense”等形容词修饰。
e.g. Doing morning exercises will be of benefit to your health. 做早操对你的健康有利。
② "(be)+of+名词"结构中的名词是抽象名词时,相当于其中名词所对应的形容词
的意思,说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有:
use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。
e.g. I don't want to hear what you are saying. It is of no interest to me. (of no interest=not interesting) 我不想听你说,我对此不感兴趣。
Coal is of great importance to the development of industry. (of great importance=very important) 煤对工业发展是相当重要的。
New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.
(SEFC BI U 18) 新西兰的酒质量很好，并且被销往世界各地。
You'll find this map of great ________in helping you to get round London.(Key: C)
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
3. However, when the facts are examined, it is clear that educating girls leads to
improved health and levels of income. 然而，仔细观察事实可以发现，显然让女孩接受教育，最终可以改善健康状况和提高收入水平。
(1) 此句中应注意句型It is clear that …,it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。从句的主语是动名词短语educating girls, improved health and levels of income作lead to 的宾语。
类似的句型有：
It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....
常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）”， 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
e. g It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.
大家都清楚那个孩子受过虐待。
(2) lead to sth “导致某种结果( have sth as its results)”。 lead to中的to为介词。
后跟名词或动名词, 2003年上海高考题中，thief与catch 之间是被动关系, 故用了动名词的复合结构的被动形式。
e.g. The discovery of new evidence led to _______ .('03上海) (key C)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards。
婴儿学会做事情，因为它的某些行为能有所回报，这个观念为人们所普遍接受。
The person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. 2001年春季高考英语试题（北京卷完形）
这个人必须查寻信息，使问题更清晰，并找到可能的解决方法。
(3) improved health 其中的“improved” 是过去分词作定语，限定health。
e.g. School health programs lead to increased student wellness and improved ability to learn.
学校的健康活动改善了学生的身体状况，并且也提高了学生的学习能力。
He believes that only hard work and perseverance can lead to improved performance.
他相信只有努力和毅力才能提高他的表演水平。
● Integrating skills，
1. Learning style theory suggests that different people have different ways of obtaining information and use various methods to demonstrate their intelligence and ability.
学习风格理论表明不同的人有不同的获得信息的方式，并且用不同的方法表现出他们的智力和能力。
(1) suggest
①本句中suggest表示“暗示、表明”时，后接名词或that从句（从句谓语用陈述语气）。
e.g. Are you suggesting that I’m too old for the job? 你的意思是说我太老而不能胜任这个工作了？
His failure in the exam suggested that he had not worked hard enough．
他考试没及格表明他学习还不够努力。
②suggest表示“建议、提议”时，后接名词、代词、-ing形式或that从句（从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）。
e.g. I suggest we go shopping together and look for a nice tank．我建议我们一起去商店买一个精致的鱼缸。
I suggested that he（should）leave early．我建议他早点动身。
(2) obtain 取得某物，经（买、借、拿等）获得
e.g. There are people who gamble or cheat to obtain money. Those people try to get money by dishonest means. 有一些通过欺骗和赌博获得钱的人，他们总想通过不诚实的手段来得到钱。
I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。
(2) demonstrate
① demonstrate在本句中指“表明，表示（show）”.
e.g. His sudden departure demonstrates that he is unreliable. 他的突然离去表明他的不可靠。
② demonstrate 在高二教材中出现时，表示“示威集会或游行 ”。
可构成词组，demonstrate (against/in favor of sb /sth) 示威游行反对或赞成某人或某事。
它的名词形式有demonstrator游行者,示威者，demonstration 示威或游行。
e.g. Thousands demonstrated against the price increases. 数以千计的人举行示威，抗议物价上涨。
The police arrested more than 100 demonstrators. 警察逮捕了100多名示威游行者。
2. Although experts have many ideas and categories of learning, it is evident that people learn in three basic styles: learning through seeing, learning through listening and learning through doing. 尽管专家对学习有很多的想法和分类，但显然，人们通过三种基本的方式来学习：视觉型学习，听觉型学习和动觉型学习。
(1) It is evident that …主语从句。相当于 “It is clear/obvious that …”.详见Language Study 的第3句解析。
(2) evident 形容词，表示“明显的，清楚的（obvious, clear）”。
e.g. He looked at his children with evident pride. 他以明显的得意态度望着他的孩子。
The applause made it evident the play was a hit. 掌声表明这个戏剧很成功。
3. Learning through doing means being active in exploring the environment and finding out about things by moving and touching. 在实践中学习意味着积极地探索环境，通过触摸去了解事物。
(1) 此句中注意…by doing sth 这个结构，用来表示通过某种方式或手段。本文中
出现的还有：
e.g. Students who find it easiest to learn a new concept by hearing a teacher explain it are learning through listening. 有一些学生，他们发现学会一个新概念的最简单的方法是听老师解释，这些学生是通过听来学的。
4. Students who have this learning style take a hand