Period 1 Words and Expressions
1.evaluate---evaluation 估价；评价
The research project has only been under way for three months, so it's too early to evaluate its success. (这个研究项目进行了不过三个月,所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。)
2.various adj.各种各样的---vary v. ---variety
There are various colors to choose from.
various people
vary vt.& vi
The weather varies from day to day. 天气一天天变
variety变化； 多样性 种种；各类
a variety of =a kind of / different kinds of
varieties of
3. in the name of
in the name of the law以法律的名义，借法律的权威。
He attended the wedding in the name of the bride’s friend.
4.key
vt. 调节...的音调, 锁上, 插上栓, 提供线索
n.[乐]键, 调, 基调钥匙, 关键, 解答, (打字机等的)键,
adj 重要的 a key school
Self-confidence is the key factor in any successful career. 自信是任何成功之道的关键因素。
5.origin original起源；开端 出身；血统；来历
the Origin of species 物种起源
“We cannot escape our origins, however hard we try”
（无论如何努力，我们也改变不了我们的出身）
6.equip ---equipment -pp- 装备；配备
equip sb. / sth. with sth. 用……装备
equip sb. for … 使某人有能力胜任……
sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备作某事
He equipped himself for a long journey. （整装）
Proper education will equip one for a job.（为…装备）
They can't afford to equip their laboratories properly because of lack of funds（资金）.
7.puzzle n.难题；难解之事
It's a puzzle where all my money goes each week.
谜；测验智力的玩具（或问题）
a crossword puzzle
A jigsaw puzzle is a picture which has been cut up into
bits, and you must make the picture again.
拼板玩具是一个被分割成块的图，你必须再把这图拼起来。
puzzle vt., vi.---puzzling --- puzzled
---puzzler(使人困惑的人或事物)
This letter puzzles me.
I'm puzzled (about) what to do next.
（常与over连用）苦想，使苦思
The old general was puzzling over the old map.
老将军对着那张旧地图苦苦思索着。
8.wealthy---wealth（大笔）财富，财产
The father passed on the family's wealth to his son.
这位父亲把大笔家产传给儿子。
（与of连用）大量，许多
a wealth of examples许多例子富有的
a wealthy family 富裕的家庭
If we want everyone to be healthy, wealthy and happy, strict birth control is quite essential.
9.Asian---Asia African---Africa
European---Europe American---America
10.exchange n. 交换，互换
in exchange for作为交换
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.
Let's have an exchange of views on the matter.
vt.（常与for, with连用）交换，互换
to exchange words / anger吵架，争吵
to exchange blows互相斗殴
John exchanged gifts with Mary.
You may exchange the shoes but not return them for a refund. 你可调换这双鞋,但不能退货
He exchanged his blue sweater for a red one.
The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges
between the two countries are daily on the increase.
11.awareness--- aware adj. 知道的；明白的
I was not aware of the fire.
We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms. 我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件会有什么反应。
He doesn't seem to be aware of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal（请求，要求）.
The principal didn't seem to be aware that there should
have been so much dispute about the decision.
12.existence-exist 存在
the existence of God 上帝的存在
生存；生活 come into existence
I was unaware of his existence until now.
The elephant is the largest land animal in existence.
Contradictions exist everywhere. 矛盾是普遍存在的。
Salt exists mostly in sea water.
生存；活着
So poor they can hardly exist. 他们穷得几乎无法过活。
One cannot exist without air.
The old lady exists only on rice coffee and bread.
13.accurate adj. 准确的；精确的---inaccurate---accuracy
an accurate answer
Is this watch accurate?
Accurate, don't you think?
14.navy-blue adj. 深蓝色的
15.command vt., vi. （常与to, that连用）命令；指挥；统率
He commanded silence.
I command you to go.
A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.
博得；赢得(不用被动语态)
to command respect 使人不得不肃然起敬
Great men command our respect. 伟人值得我们尊敬。
掌握；控制；对…有支配权
to command oneself 控制自己
This island country commands immense natural resources.
俯视；俯临
The hill commands a fine prospect of the mountain town.
command n. 命令
obey command 服从命令
控制；统率
The army is under the king's command.
司令官 a high command
（空军）大队 an air command
运用能力；掌握
She has a good command of the French language.
16.royal --- royalty (皇室成员)
王室的；皇家的the royal family
盛大的；极好的 a right royal feast 盛宴
17.volunteer n.志愿者
vt., vi.（常与to连用）自愿去做，主动请求去做
We want some volunteers to help paint the house.
我们想要几个自愿帮助漆房屋的人。
We all volunteered to paint the house.
我们都自愿漆这房子。
Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. 与此同时,许多大学生自愿在罢工持续期间去驾驶公共汽车。
The doctor who had volunteered to settled down in the poor village became the chief fable of the villagers. 这个志愿到这个穷村庄落户的医生成了村民们的中心话题。
18. sum n.
总数， 总和 The sum of incomes
一笔（金额）
He paid a large sum for the house.
他出一笔巨款买了这所房子。
Father has decided to give his son a huge sum of money for his independence from the family.父亲决定给儿子一大笔钱让他离家自立。
in sum 总之
sum up all the expenses 合计
To sum up, he agrees with us. 总而言之
19．bring up
照料，教育（小孩）；抚养 bring a child up to be polite
提出His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.
呕吐 she has brought up her dinner again.
to cause to come to a sudden stop. 使…突然停下
bring in 引进，介绍，挣钱，收获
bring on To cause to appear 使出现：导致
brought on the dessert. 端上甜点
bring down 降价
20．horizon 地平线,（思想等的）范围，限度 眼界
I could see a ship on the horizon.
我可以看见地平线上有一艘轮船。
21. suggest that/（one’s）doing sth
He suggested a few ideas. 他提了些想法。
He suggested a visit to the Great Wall.
他提议到长城看一看。
He suggested putting off the meeting.
He suggested the meeting (should) be put off.
His pale face suggests poor health.
His pale face suggests he is in poor health.
他苍白的脸色表明他身体不好。
take(follow) one’s suggestion
Our suggestion is that the meeting (should) be put off.
If I had followed his suggestion that I should reduce my weight, I would not be so fat now.
22. accomplish vt. 完成；实现
to accomplish a purpose 达到目的
I accomplished two hours' work before dinner. 我在吃饭前完成了两小时的工作。
You should accomplish the task within the allotted time.你们必须在规定时间内完成这项任务。
23. apart from prep.（prep）除…外；除…外还：
Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.
除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏( = except for)
24. unable（常与to + inf连用）不能的，不会的
He wants to come but he's unable to.
他想来，但他不能来。
The boy is unable to reach the apple. 男孩够不着苹果。
25. sacred adj. 神圣的；与神有关的
Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings.
寺庙、清真寺、基督教堂及犹太教堂都是奉献给神的建筑物。
宗教的，与宗教有关的 sacred writings 宗教经典
The Koran is the sacred book of the Muslims. 可兰经是伊斯兰教徒的圣书。
（常与to连用）神圣不可侵犯的
He considered it a sacred duty to fulfill his dead father's wishes.他认为实现父亲的遗愿是神圣的义务。
严肃的；郑重的；庄严的 a sacred promise 郑重的诺言
26. honesty-honest n. 诚实，正直
Honesty is the best policy.(谚) 诚实才是上策。
27. dedicate vt. 贡奉；奉献
dedicate to 献身于
He dedicated his life to the service of his country.
他献身于为国服务
题献给某人He dedicated his first book to his mother. (他把第一本书献给他母亲。)
dedication n. 献身；奉献 题献词；献词
28. ideal adj. 理想的；完美的
This dictionary is ideal - it's exactly what I needed. 这本词典很理想，正是我所需要的。
The location of the new house is ideal.
新房子的位置十分理想
空想的；想象中的
ideal plans for making money 赚钱的空想计划
29. refer（常与to 连用）
涉及；提到 查资料；参考 针对；有关
When I said someone was lazy, I wasn’t referring to you.
refer to the dictionary
The new law does not refer to farmland.
新法律与耕地无关。
提交；交付
The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers.
商店把投诉转交给制造商。
reference n. （与to连用）提及；涉及
to make references to the heroic deeds 提到英雄事迹
参考；查询
reference book 参考书，工具书
Keep this dictionary for reference.这本词典留着查阅用。
证明；鉴定
When I was looking for a job, I asked my head teacher to give me a reference.
当我在找工作时，我向我的班主任要一份关于我情况的证明。
30. sth. run out
sb. run out of sth.
To become used up用完；耗尽：
Our supplies finally ran out. 我们的供给终于耗尽了
To put out by force; compel to leave: 逐出：驱逐：
We ran him out of town. 我们把他驱逐出镇子
期满：因期满或疏漏而无效：
an insurance policy that had run out. 已过期的保险单
31. arise vi. arose, arisen 出现，发生；起来，站起
That question did not arise. 那个问题没有出现。
I arose early in the morning. 我每天早上起得很早。
32. evidence n. （常与for, of连用）证据；证词
Can you show me any evidence for your statement?
你能给我看你供词的证据吗？
in evidence 明显的，显而易见的
Mrs Jones was much in evidence at the party. 琼斯夫人在晚会上很突出。
evidence vt., vi. 证实，证明
The police have evidenced that the killer was an old woman. "警察有证据证明,凶手是个老年妇女。"
33. praise
She praised her daughter's hard work.
她赞扬女儿的辛勤工作。
praise sb for sth
to speak in praise of a friend 称赞一位朋友
He gave a speech in praise of the school.
他在讲话中称赞了这所学校。
Homework
1. Finish Exx.1-3 on Page 154-156.
2．Preview the first passage.
3．Finish reading A-E in “45套”之21
Period2-3 Passage 1
I. Warming up
① take possession of ② be rich in
③ bring risks; risk doing sth.
④ be equipped with
be armed with ; be furnished with ; be decorated with
II. Leading In
III. Reading
(I) Fast reading
a. What do you know about the Silk Road?
b. What could been possible reasons to search for sea routes from China while routes over land were shorter and already existed?
c. In ancient China, there were some famous explorers, such as Gan Ying and Zheng He. What do you know about them?
(II) Intensive Reading
a. How did ancient people hear about far-away civilizations, what made them decide to go and look for them? Give two examples.
b. Which words are used in the text to indicate direction?
Period Name Way of travel Goods
c. What conclusion about the topic of the text can you draw based on their usage?
(III) Find information in the text about contacts between China and Africa, and write in the chart below the periods when these contacts were made, the names of Chinese explorers, the way by which they traveled, and the goods which they brought home.
IV. Language Points
1. reaching out across the ocean
reach out
2. Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation for mankind’s greatest endeavour.
Lay the foundation for
Shake the foundation of slavery
3. To people of early civilizations, the world map was a great puzzle.
puzzle n.难题；难解之事
It's a puzzle where all my money goes each week.
谜；测验智力的玩具（或问题）
a crossword puzzle
A jigsaw puzzle is a picture which has been cut up into bits, and you must make the picture again.
拼板玩具是一个被分割成块的图，你必须再把这图拼起来。
Puzzle vt., vi.
This letter puzzles me.
I'm puzzled about what to do next.
（常与over连用）苦想，使苦思
The old general was puzzling over the old map.
老将军对着那张旧地图苦苦思索着。
4. Silk from China found its way over land along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East and Rome, in exchange for spices and glass.
exchange n. 交换，互换
in exchange（常与for连用）作为交换
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.
Let's have an exchange of views on the matter.
vt.（常与 for, with连用）交换，互换
to exchange contracts交换合同
to exchange words口角
to exchange blows斗殴
John exchanged gifts with Mary.
You may exchange the shoes but not return them for a refund.
May I exchange seats with you?
The deputy manager exchanged the company's interest for his personal honour.
This currency exchanges at par.
The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries are daily on the increase.
5. In the eleventh century, the Africans made several voyages to the court of the Song Dynasty.
Make an voyage/a trip/a journey
Make an attempt
The court of the Song Dynasty
6. The contacts between China and Africa over the centuries led to the awareness of each other’s existence, but…
awareness--- aware adj. 知道的；明白的
I was not aware of the fire.
We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms.
He doesn't seem to be aware of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.
The principal didn't seem to be aware that there should have been so much dispute about the decision.
7. In East Africa the coastal tows were reaching the height of their power.
Reach the height of their power
8. In the east, China prospered under a new dynasty.
Prosper prosperous
9. Under the command of Zheng He, the fleets set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the sea, …
Under the command of…
Under the control of…
In the charge of…
10. In return, the Ming court sent gold, spices, silk, and various other presents.
If you give me your photo, I’ll give you mine in return.
He didn’t expect anything in return for his help.
Period4 Passage 2
I. Revision
II. Lead In
III. Reading
1. Look at the title and read the first two paragraphs. Then answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by “the third pole” in the text?
(ii)Why does the writer call it the third pole?
(iii)Which other mountains would be the third pole, and who are the pioneers of the third pole?
2. Explain the following phrases and sentences from the text in English.
(i) Going to Mount Qomolangma was like going to the moon.
(ii) the death zone
(iii) They had no idea what they were up against.
(iv) English air
IV. Language points
1.Some suggested it could not be accomplished.
suggest that/(doing) sth
vt. 使想到，联想
（常与that连用）提议；提出；建议
I suggested that it would be quicker to travel by train.
我建议说坐火车旅行要快一些。
"'I suggest,' said the inspector, 'that you are not telling the truth.'"
"`我提醒你,'检查官说,`你讲的不是实话。'"
暗示；显出
"I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train, but that you caught the 8.25 train." "你没有搭8点钟的火车,而是搭的8点25分的车。"
"When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr. Thompson shook his head."
"当我暗示说,这准是某些村民进来偷喝掉的,汤普森先生摇摇头。"
accomplish vt. 完成；实现
to accomplish a purpose 达到目的
I accomplished two hours' work before dinner. 我在吃饭前完成了两小时的工作。
You should accomplish the task within the allotted time.
你们必须在规定时间内完成这项任务。
2.Apart from the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels can cause mountain sickness, which can kill.
apart from prep.（介词）
With the exception of; besides: 除…外；除…外还：
Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.
除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏
3.Some people can never go above 4,000 metres because their body is unable to adjust to these extreme conditions.
unable adj. （常与to + inf连用）不能的，不会的
He wants to come but he's unable to. 他想来，但他不能来。
The boy is unable to reach the apple. 男孩够不着苹果。
4.They had no idea what they were up against.
be up against…面对（困难等）
5.The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed at the strange bottles containing what they referred to as “English air”
. refer vt., vi. （常与to 连用）涉及；提到
Keats is referring to epic poetry when he mentions Homer's 'proud demesne'.
"当济慈提到荷马的'骄傲的领域'时,他指的是史诗。"
查资料；参考 针对；有关
The new law does not refer to farm land新法律与耕地无关。
提交；交付
The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers.
商店把投诉转交给制造商。
reference n. （与to连用）提及；涉及
to make references to the heroic deeds 提到英雄事迹
参考；查询
reference book 参考书，工具书
Keep this dictionary for reference. 这本词典留着查阅用。
证明；鉴定
When I was looking for a job, I asked my head teacher to give me a reference.
当我在找工作时，我向我的班主任要一份关于我情况的证明。
6.When their oxygen ran out, they had no chance of surviving.
run out
To become used up; be exhausted: 用完；耗尽：
Our supplies finally ran out. 我们的供给终于耗尽了
7.In later years the question arose who was the first to reach the top.
arise vi. arose, arisen 出现； 发生
That question did not arise. 那个问题没有出现。
起来；站起
I arose early in the morning. 我每天早上起得很早。
8.On their return, they were praised as national heroes.
praise vt. 赞美；赞扬；歌颂；赞颂
She praised her daughter's hard work.
她赞扬女儿的辛勤工作。
praise sb for sth
praise n. 称赞；赞扬
to speak in praise of a friend 称赞一位朋友
He gave a speech in praise of the school. 他在讲话中称赞了这所学校。
赞美；崇拜 to give praises to God 赞美上帝