Period1 Words and Expressions
1. fellow n. 人；家伙
Who's that old fellow? 那个老家伙是谁？
同伴；同事
We were schoolfellows. 我们曾经是同学。
2.claim
vt （根据权利）要求，认领，索赔
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?
你的车子出事之后，要求领保险金了吗？
I claimed the coat that the teacher found. 我认领了老师找到的外套。
Did you claim on the insurance after your house fire?
你家失火后你要求保险公司赔偿了吗?
声言；自称；主张
He claimed that he hadn't done it, but I didn't believe him.
他声称没有做这件事，可是我不相信他。
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.渔夫和水手有时声称看到过海里的妖怪。
His claim about the number of people killed in the spring forest fire was evidently overstated. 他所说的春天森林大火中的死亡人数显然是夸张了的。
He claims that he has got one of the two earliest British stamps but nobody believes him. "他自称得到了英国两张最早的邮票中的其中一张,但是无人相信。"
n.（依据权利的）要求
They made a claim for higher pay. 他提出更高报酬的要求。
n.声明；声称
The government's claim that war was necessary was clearly mistaken.
政府声称战争是必然的，这说法显然是错误的。
n.索赔
3. criminal -crime
4. govern-government-governor
vt., vi. 统治；治理
to govern a country 治理国家
控制；左右；抑制
You should govern your temper. 你应当抑制你的脾气。
5.as a consequence因此，由此=as a result
as a consequence of=as a result of
6.resemble 相似
She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.
她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。
7.diverse adj. 不同的；相异的
diverse interests 不同的兴趣
8.transform vt. 使变形；使改观；转变；改造
She transformed the room by painting it.
她油漆了房间使它为之一新。
9. immigrate vi. 移居入境 immigration (emigrate)
10.strengthen vt., vi. 加强；增强
Our enemy has greatly strengthened during the truce talks.
和谈期间，敌人力量已大为增强。
The front army troops were strengthened by a large contingent of students from the military academy. 前线部队得到了一大批军事学院学员的增援。
The fence was strengthened with wire.
这堵围栏用金属丝加固了。
11.differ -----different---- difference
vi.（常与from连用）不同；不像；相异
My brother and I differ in many ways. 我和我兄弟在许多方面都不同。
She differs from me in many ways. 她在许多方面都和我不一样。
Nylon and silk differ. 尼龙和丝绸不同。
Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation.
汉语发音跟日语大不相同。
12.concept----New Concept English n. 概念；观念；思想
I understand some of the concepts of the theory but I'm not sure about its details.
"我懂得这个理论的一些概念,但对详细内容可不大清楚。"
13.break down
to cause to collapse; destroy:使崩溃；毁坏：
break down a partition; broke down our resolve.
捣毁一堵隔墙；丧失了我们的决心
to have a physical or mental collapse. 使健康、精神崩溃
You will break down if you keep on working like that.
to give up resistance; give way: 放弃抵抗；屈服：
broke down and bought a new car; prejudices that break down slowly.
不再坚持，买了一辆新的小轿车；慢慢放弃了的偏见
break in
To enter premises forcibly or illegally: 强行进入，非法进入：
a prowler who was trying to break in. 企图非法闯入的小偷
To interrupt a conversation or discussion. 打断谈话，打断讨论
break into To interrupt: 打断：
“No one would have dared to break into his abstraction”(Alan Paton)
“没有人胆敢打断他的臆想”(艾伦佩顿)
To enter (a field of activity): 进入（一个活动领域）：
broke into broadcast journalism at an early age.
早年就进入了广播新闻界
break off 扯断，断裂 断绝（关系）
break out
Fighting broke out in the prison cells. 牢房里发生斗殴
break through
To make a sudden, quick advance, as through obstruction or opposition.
突破，穿过：冲破障碍突然、迅速地前进
break up 分散：
The crowd broke up after the game. 比赛结束后人群四面散开
break
n. 破；破裂；破隙
a break in the clouds 云朵间的一线青天
暂停；休息 a coffee break 饮咖啡的小憩
Let's have a break. 让我们休息一会儿。
After a short break the play continued. 休息片刻后,戏继续开演。
We've been doing experiments 24 hours without a break.
我们的实验已连续不断地进行了二十四小时。
破晓 at day-break 破晓时
〈台球〉连续击球得分
〈网球〉接发球得分
机会；运气
Give him a break. 给他一次机会。
14.chew
You must chew your food well before you swallow it. 食物要细嚼慢咽。
15.feed on
16.entire adj.全部的；完全的
an entire set of Shakespeare's plays 莎士比亚戏剧全集
The entire class will be there. 全班都在那儿。
Due to bad cold she spent the entire day in bed. 她因重感冒在床上躺了一整天。
He wrote the entire play in only two weeks. 整个剧本只花了他两个星期时间。
17.mine 2
n.矿, 丰富的资源；宝库 地雷
A good encyclopedia is a mine of information. 一部好百科全书是知识宝库。
vt., vi.
They were mining for silver. 他们开采银矿。
to mine the castle walls 把地道挖到了城堡墙
18.fence
n.栅栏；篱笆；围墙
The fence kept the dog in the yard. 栅栏把狗圈在了院子里。
sit on the fence 骑墙观望
19. round up
To seek out and bring together; gather. 驱拢；集拢
round the clock 一直；不停地
Round-the-clock service features this little store. 日夜服务是这家小商店的特色。
round vt., vi. 使成圆形；变圆
The boy's eyes rounded with excitement.男孩兴奋得眼睛睁得圆圆的。
绕弯；绕行
He rounded the corner at 90 miles per hour 他以每小时90英里的速度拐弯。
20. outdoors adv., n.（在）户外；（在）野外
A farmer works outdoors. 农民在野外干
21. outing –go for an outing
22. logic logical
n.逻辑；逻辑学
Your friend doesn't seem to be governed by logic.
你那位朋友好象没有逻辑性。
推理方法
At this point your logic is at fault. 在这一点上你的推理是错误的。
There's no logic in spending money on things you don't need.
把钱花在你不需要的东西上是不明智的。
23.pointed adj. 尖的；尖角的
a pointed roof 尖屋顶
直接了当的；率直的
a pointed refuse 率直的拒绝
显著的，强烈的（表现）
a pointed wit 锐敏的机智
24. claw
vt.（用爪子）撕，拉
The cat clawed the chair. 猫用爪子抓椅子。
Their favorite cat clawed a hole in my stocking.
他们家宠爱的猫在我的袜子上抓破了个洞
25. medium-media （传播消息的）媒介；（艺术的）形式
Commercial television is a medium for advertising. 商业电视是一种广告媒介。
藉以生存之物或环境；媒介物；介质
A fish in water is in its natural medium. 鱼在水中，自得其所。
居中
a happy medium 中庸之道
medium adj. 中等的；中庸的；普通的
medium wave （无线电广播的）中波
He is of medium height. 他是中等身材。
26. bushy cloudy windy sunny rainy hairy noisy stormy shiny
Passage 1
I. Warming Up & Lead In
Look at the pictures and answer the questions:
①. What do you know about the Australia? List three things that interest you.
②. Look at the map of Australia. Which of the places would you like to visit? Why? Why would you do there?
③. Explain where the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, Melbourne and Canberra are.
II. Reading
i)The text on the next page is about Australia. Look at the list below and tick the questions that you think will be answered in the text.
( )1.How large is Australia?
( )2.When was Australia founded?
( )3.Who lives in Australia?
( )4.What is the capital of Australia?
( )5.What animals are native to Australia?
( )6.Wht is Australia famous for?
( )7.What does the Australian flag look like?
( )8.How many people live in Australia?
( )9.How is Australian English different from British English and
American English?
ii).Answer the following questions.
① What do the symbols on the Australian flag represent?
② Who were the first people to arrive in Australia ?
③ Why were first prisoners sent to Australia after 1778? Where were they from?
④ What happened to the original Australians when the European newcomers arrived?
⑤ What was the problem with Australia’s Constitution?
⑥ How did the two world Wars change Australia?
⑦ How does Australian English differ from British English?
III. Language Points:
1. Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories…..
2. ….a city located between Sydney and Melbourne.
3. Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stands for all the territories.
4. Some Australian Aborigines still live in similar way to their ancestors, while others live in cities…..
5. the war of independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North American,
6. The British governor landed on January 26,today known as Australian Day.
7. The Constitution governing six states stated that…….
8. The First World war had a strong influence on Australia.
9. Australia began to transform itself into the modern country it is today.
10. Australia benefited from immigration.
11. Australian English differs in pronunciation from British and …..
12. some of the vocabulary used down under is quite different from what …..
13. Australians are fond of their language and love to have fun with it
14. While some of the Aboriginal languages have been lost, people are trying hard to protect and record what is left.
Passage 2
I. Revision
II. Reading
1. Why does Australia have so many plants and animals that cannot be found anything else in the world?
2. Why do kangaroos carry their young in a pocket of skin on their stomach?
3. In what way is Australia different from all the other countries in the world?
Compare the climate in different areas of Australia with that found in different parts of China. Does the climate in your area affect the way you live?
III. Language points
1,Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
2. One strange animal lay eggs, yet feeds its young on its milk.
Yet adv. 还，尚，仍
He has not come yet. 他还没有来。
She is yet a child. 她还是个孩子。
He was poor, yet happy. 他很穷，可是很快乐。
The driver's not yet conscious after the accident.
驾驶员在出事后,还没有苏醒过来。
The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.
医生们尚未确定这位妇女的死因。
Yet conj. 可是；然而
He worked hard, yet he failed. 他工作努力，可是他失败了。
3, …..give birth to very small and weak young.
4…..over 140 species of snakes, many of which are extremely dangerous.
5……has more than 14times as many people.
6.A long fence runs for hundreds of kilometers across Australia.
7.The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type …
8…..for the task of rounding up the sheep or cattle.
9.The climate is different depending on the area.
10….most Australians are delighted to share a cold glass of beer …