Language points:
⒈ The idea that England stands for Fish&Chips, Speaker’s corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
⑴that引导的是一个同位语从句，用于说明idea的内容 。同位语从句常用于说明idea, news, hope, wish, belief, fact, suggestion等抽象名词的具体内容，用以说明或解释前面的名词。连词that 没有词义，不充当句子成份，但不可省略 。
E.g. The news that team has won the game is exciting.
引导同位语从句的词除that外，还有连接副词how, when，where等
e.g. I have no idea when jack will be back.
He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
⑵ stand for a.代表，象征，意味着E.g. WTO stands for World Health Organization.
b.赞同，支持，主张 e.g. What principles do you stand for?
⒉ narrow 狭窄的，狭隘的，险胜的
A narrow river/steet a narrow idea about relics a narrow escape(九死一生)
⒊⑴ be made up of =consist of 由…组成
E.g. The group is made up of five members. = The group consists of five members.
⑵ be unknown to sb.不为人所知道E.g. The cause of the delay is still unknown to us.
⒋ …there has been a growing movement to make the most of its cultural diversity-to see it as it really is, a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture.
⑴make the most of充分利用，也可以说make the best of
E.g. He wished to make the most of his chance.
⑵ diversity 多种多样，多样性
E.g. Mary has a great diversity of hobbies such as stamp collecting, travelling.
⑶as it is 以现在的样子，根据下面的情况看
E.g. I’ll send it to you as it is, (我就照现在的样子卖给你) but don’t complain, if it doesn’t work.
⑷ hold together 使不分开或团结一致
E.g. The needs of the children held their marriage together.
⒌⑴separate A from B 把A与B分隔开，指把混在一起的或连在一快的分开
E.g. She separated the good apples from the bad ones.
Divide …into 指把整体分成部分E.g. A year is divided into twelve months.
⑵at one point在某一地点；一度E.g. A traffic accident happened at one point yesterday.
At one point, he was very weak.
⒍⑴ in general总的说来，大体上，通常
E.g. In general, people like her.
⑵ throughout the year 整年，一年到头throughout 贯穿，介词
E.g. He worked hard throughout the year to support his family.
⑶ receive 动词，收到，接到
⒎英语中在表示数量的词语前习惯上加as much as ,as many as等来加强语气。as much as用与表示 “雨（水）量”，时间 ，金钱，重量，钱数，价格等方面。表示 “总量”和“单位量”的大小，as many as用于人或物的具体数量前，as much as从总的角度出发，侧重于“总量”，as many as从个体出发，侧重于具体数目。
E.g. The rain is plentiful, often as much as seventy inches every year.
At the job, she could earn as many as eighty dollars every week.
The civil war in that country lasted as much as eighty 16 years.
We must learn as many as 300 English words.
The kind of English built as many as 50 pyramids.
As far as 远到；尽…程度
E.g. They walked as far as the seaside.
Don’t worry. I’ll help you as far as I can.
As long as 长达；只要
She spends as long as three hours on English study every day.
⒏Influence 指不易察觉到的，潜移默化的影响
E.g. Probably we influenced each other.
Affect表示使“变化，对…产生不良影响”，着重“影响”动作。
Influence 影响力，支配力
E.g. Parents have a great influence on Children.
⒐ ……Their languages formed the basis for English.
⑴ Form the basis for 构成/形成…的基础
E.g. This idea formed the basis for Theory of Relativity.
⑵ 为…⑶打下基础，lay foundations for
E.g. Four –year college life laid solid basis for his further improvement.
⑶provide a basis for 为…⑶提供依据
E.g. The result provided a sound basis for further research.
⒑ The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.
End up with以…结束，通常是 最后接受某东西，其意思为receive sth.in the end
E.g. We ended the supper up with fruit and coffee.
⒒ …but it was not only 250 years later that they formed a single state.
是一个强调句，有原句They didn’t formed a single state until 250 years later变化而来，此类句子需强调状语until时候，应将否定句not… 与状语until…一起作为强调部分，构成it was not until… that …的巨型
eg. It was not until 1969 that man set his first step on the moon.
原句：Man didn’t set his first step on the moon until 1969.
⒓…While the southern part of England was only part of the UK for some time…
⒔ There are six spoken languages that’re considered to be native to the British Isles as well as two local accents.
⑴ be considered to be 是（consider sth/sb.to be+形容词或名词）的被动式，
E.g. We considered this (to be) very important.
⑵ be native to本土的，本国的，土生的
E.g. Panda is native to China.
⒂ They realise that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.
Be of great value=be very valuable非常有价值的，可用于此巨型的词有：use ,help,importance,help etc.
E.g. We consider their works of be of great value.
The invention is of great value. =The invention is very useful.