重点词汇与短语：
1.take place 发生
2.so---that 如此---以致于
3.sweep sb. down 冲倒
4.pull up 拽起，停车
5.hold on to 抓住，握住
6.get on one’s feet 站起来
7.go on a holiday 度假
8.far away from 远离
9.on fire 着火
10.such as 例如
11.travel agent 旅行社
12.be caught in 遭遇到
13.think twice 三思
14.think highly of 对---评价很高
15.stare at 盯着
16.leave out 遗漏
17.take off 脱下，起飞
18.go wrong 出问题
19.in all 总之
20.on the air 广播
21.make jokes about 开---的玩笑
22.play a role 扮演角色
23.make money 挣钱
24.owe success to sb. 把成功归功于某人
25.start with 以---开始
26.a thank-you letter 一封感谢信
27.introduce---to--- 将---介绍给---
28.make a good impression 留下好印象
29.the custom of toasting 敬酒的习俗
30.apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉
交际用语:
1.Well done! 做得好！
2.You can do it! 你能行！
3.Come on! 快点！
4.It scares me. 这让我害怕。
5.Keep trying! 再试试！
6.How do you like/find---? 你认为---怎么样？
7.What do you think of---? 你认为---怎么样？
8.Excuse me. 对不起。
9.Forgive me. 请原谅。
10.I’m (very/so/terribly) sorry. 十分抱歉。
11.I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to---. 对不起，我不是有意---。
12.That’s all right./ That’s OK./ No problem. 没关系。
知识点归纳:
1.advance
(1) v. 前进,推进,促进,提升
Napoleon’s army advanced towards Moscow. 那破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进了。
Two months has passed and the project has advanced.
两个月过去了，这项工程已有进展。
(2) n. 前进，进展
The commander ordered to halt the enemy’s advance. 司令下令阻止敌军前进。
He’s always paying attention to the advances in medical science.
他时刻注意着医学上的进步。
（3）in advance 预先，在---之前
I was given a month’s salary in advance. 我提前发了一个月的工资。
（4）advanced adj. 高级的，先进的
Einstein learned advanced mathematics all by himself at 13.
爱因斯坦13岁就能自学高等数学了。
Few scientists could understand his advanced theory at that time.
那时没几个科学家能理解他高深的理论。
2.seize vt.
(1) 抓住，捉住
The thief was seized by the police. 那个小偷被警察抓住了。
He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳膊。
(2) 抓住（时机）
If you get the opportunity to work abroad, you should seize it with both hands.
如果你有出国工作的机会，切勿放过。
Seize the day, seize the hour!
只争朝夕！
（3）（思想、感情等）支配人的头脑
The man was seized with panic. 这个人惊慌失措。
Uncontrollable laughter seized us. 我们不由自主地大笑起来了。
3.strike vt. vi. (struck, struck/stricken)
(1) 打，击，砍，敲
strike a blow 击出一拳
strike a match 划火柴
I wouldn’t dream of striking a woman. 我做梦也不会打女人。
He was so angry that he struck the table with his fist. 他气得用拳头砸桌子。
(2) 打中，击中；撞，触礁
A snow ball struck/hit him on the back of the head. 一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。
Then my shovel struck against something metallic.
然后我的铲子碰到了一件像金属的东西。
（3）（某种想法）忽然出现；使（某人）突然意识到
It strikes sb. that--- 忽然意识到
be struck by--- 深受感动
The funny side of the affair suddenly struck her. 她突然意识到了事情可笑的一面。
We were struck by the generosity of even the poorest citizens.
使我们深受感动的是，甚至最贫穷的市民也慷慨大方。
（4） 给某人某种印象
---How did it strike you? 你觉得它如何？
---It struck me as strange at the time. 我当时觉得它很古怪。
（5）（钟）敲响
The church clock began to strike twelve. 教堂的钟开始敲12点。
(6) 突然袭击
When the snake strikes, its mouth opens wide.
蛇发起进攻时，嘴张得很大。
I fear an earthquake will strike this area again. 我担心地震会再次发生在这一地区。
(7) 罢工 （也可用做名词）
I’m sure the bus drivers will strike/ go on strike. 我确信公共汽车司机会罢工。
(8) strike, beat, hit, tap, knock
strike 常表示用力打或敲
hit 有“撞击，袭击”之意，比strike稍弱一些，指一次性的打击或击中
beat 指连续多次的打，也指有节奏的击打，还可表示打败
tap 指轻拍
knock 指敲打并伴有响声，还可表示打倒、撞翻
考题链接：
(1) It _____ her how quiet and gentle he was.
A. beat B. hit C. struck D. knock
(2) He sat quietly in the room, listening to the rain ____ against the window.
A. beating B. hitting C. striking D. knocking
答案 C A
分析 第一题表示“使某人忽然意识到”，用strike; 第二题表示连续敲打，用beat.
4.感官动词 see, hear, find, notice, watch + 宾语 + 宾补
(1) 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing, 表示宾补的动作正在发生。
We can see parrots flying along the river. 我们可以看到鹦鹉在沿着河边飞翔。
I can feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感觉到我的心跳得很快。
(2) 感官动词 + 宾语 + do, 表示宾补的动作已经完成。
I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。
I didn’t notice you enter. 我没注意你进来了。
(3) 感官动词 + 宾语 + done, 表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。
I found his hands tied to a tree. 我发现他的双手被绑在树上。
He saw the girl bitten by the dog. 他看到那个女孩被狗咬了。
5.fight
(1) vt. 和---作战
We are fighting pollution now. 我们正在和污染作斗争。
(2) vi.
fight against 为反对---而斗争
The slaves fought against the slavery. 奴隶们为推翻奴隶制度而战。
fight for 为（争取）---而斗争
He called on the slaves to fight for freedom. 他号召奴隶们为自由而战。
fight with 同---一起战斗，与---战斗
France fought with Germany in that war. 在那场战争中法国对德国作战。
fight over 因为---而争吵
The twin sisters always fight over toys. 这对双胞胎姐妹经常因为玩具而争吵。
(3) n. 战斗，搏斗
This film is about people’s fight for right. 这部电影反映了人民争取自己权利的斗争。
Our country has started a fight against corruption. 我国已经开始了一场反腐败斗争。
(4) fight, war, battle, struggle
fight 意为“战争”，指战争的动作。
They fought back in self-defence. 他们进行了自卫还击。
war 指全面战争，包含多次。
We experienced two world wars in the last century.
上个世纪我们经历了两次世界大战。
battle 战役，指大的、连续数小时数天的战争。
the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役
struggle 指较长时间的激烈的争斗，常指肉体、精神上的战斗。
They had to struggle for their freedom. 他们不得不为自由而战。
The army struggled against Japanese Imperialist. 这部队与日本帝国主义作斗争。
6.take place, happen, break out
take place 多表示按计划或规定要发生的事情。
happen 常用词，有偶然发生之意。
break out 常指战争、火灾和疾病的爆发。
三个词组都为不及物动词，没有被动语态。
A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。
He was in French when the Second World War broke out. 二战爆发时他在法国。
When did the traffic accident happen? 交通事故是什么时候发生的？
Something strange has happened to the chemistry teacher. 化学老师出了点奇怪的事情。
When will the sports meet take place? 运动会什么时候举行？
Great changes have taken place in his hometown since 1980.
从1980年以来他的家乡发生了巨变。
7.destroy vt. 破坏，毁灭，毁掉
The school was completely destroyed by fire. 学校被大火彻底烧毁了。
That accident destroyed her ballet career. 那次事故毁掉了她的芭蕾生涯。
destroy 表示彻底毁掉，也可用于抽象意义，可指人或物。
damage 通常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等无生命物体受到损伤或毁坏，但往往可以修复。可用作名词。
ruin 表示毁坏某种好的或有用的东西。
The chemical rain damages trees in the forests. 酸雨损害了森林中的树木。
The precious painting was ruined by spilt milk. 洒出来的牛奶毁坏了那幅珍贵的画。
The storm caused great damage to the crops. 这场风暴给庄稼造成了很大的损害。
8.award
(1) 可数名词，主要指“奖品，奖赏，奖金”，有时也指“报酬，工资”。
Meryl Streep won the best actress award. 梅丽尔斯特里普获最佳女演员奖。
The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奥运会冠军的奖品是一枚金牌。
The nurses’ pay award was not as much as they had expected.
护士的工资远没有她们预想的那么多。
(2) vt. 给予，授予，判给
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in quantum physics.
爱因斯坦因在量子物理学方面的成就而被授予诺贝尔奖。
The university awarded her a scholarship. 那所大学给她发了奖学金。
(3) priz 主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”，常说
win a prize for---
award sb. a prize
reward 可用做名词或动词，指“报答，报偿，奖赏”。
考题链接：
It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.
A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results
答案 A
分析 该句意思为“人们普遍认为小孩子学会做事是因为这些行为会带来奖赏/回报”。
9.owe vt.
(1) 欠（债）
If he has borrowed some money from her, and has not paid her back, he owes her the money.
如果他借了她的钱没归还，他就欠她钱。
How much do I owe you? 我欠你多少钱？
We owe our parents a lot. 我们对父母感激不尽。
(2) owe sth. to sb. 感激，把---归功于---
He owes his success to our help. 他把成功归功于我们的帮助。
We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers. 我们深受父母及师长之恩。
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 我现在还活着，应该感激你。
(3) owing to 由于，因为
Owing to the rain they could not come. 因为下雨，他们不能来。
Owing to the drought, crops are short. 因为天旱，收成不好。
10.live adj. 活的，生动的，精力充沛的，实况转播的
It wasn’t a recorded show; it was live. 这不是录像，是实况转播。
They gave live broadcast while the performances were in process on the stage.
当演出在舞台上进行时他们进行了实况转播。
The concert will be broadcast live. 这次演唱会将进行实况转播。
That is a live fish. 那是一条活鱼。
The laboratory is conducting experiments with a dozen live monkeys.
该实验室在用十多只活猴子进行实验。
She is a live woman. 她是一位精力充沛的女人。
live 当“活的”讲时，只修饰动物，如a live mouse, a live snake
11.take off
(1) 脱掉，摘掉（反义词为put on）
I forgot to take off my make-up last night. 我昨天晚上忘了卸妆。
He took off his coat and went to sleep. 他脱下外衣睡觉了。
(2) (飞机)起飞，起跑
As the plane was taking off, I remembered I didn’t turn the iron off.
飞机起飞时，我才想起我没有切断熨斗的电源。
When we went to the airport, the plane had taken off. 我们到机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
(3) 休假，一般说take some time off
I’m taking Thursday off to do some Christmas shopping.
我周四要休假去买一些圣诞礼物。
(4) 开始成功，成名
I hear the business is really taking off. 我听说生意真的开始兴隆了。
Spielberg’s career really took off when he began to shoot his short films.
斯皮尔伯格开始从事短片拍摄时，他的事业真正腾飞了。
(5) take in 吸收，理解；收留
take back 使回忆起；追回
take over 接管，接任
take up 开始从事；占去（时间、空间）；拿起（武器）
高考链接：
(1)It is certain that he will ______ his business to his son when he gets old. (福建2004)
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
(2)Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day.
(广东2004)
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
答案
(1) C hand sth. over to sb. “把---传给某人”
(2) A take up “占用时间”
12.
go wrong “变坏，变得糟糕，出错”，go 用做联系动词，表示状况由好变坏。
go bad 变坏，变腐烂
go hungry 挨饿
go mad 发疯
The computer went wrong. 电脑坏了。
Fish goes bad in hot weather. 热天鱼很快腐烂。
He has gone deaf. 他变聋了。
13.
think highly/well/much of 对---评价很高
think ill/badly/poorly/little of 对---评价不好
Premier Zhou was highly thought of in China. 周总理在中国深受好评。
Not all the teachers are well thought of by the students. 学生不是对所有老师印象都好。
highly, high 都可用作副词，high表示具体的高度，highly表示引申含义，“高度地”。类似表达还有wide/widely, deep/deeply, close/closely。
He jumped very high. 他跳得很高。
We all speak highly of Mr. Smith. 我们对史密斯先生评价很高。
Open your mouth wide. 把嘴张大。
English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。
He dived deep into the sea. 他潜到海里很深的地方。
They were deeply moved when hearing this. 听到这些，他们被深深地感动了。
14.manner
(1) 礼貌，规矩，用复数manners
It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃着东西是很不礼貌的。
Mind your manners. 注意礼貌。
(2) 态度，举止，用作不可数名词。
His manner shows his honesty. 他的态度表明了他的诚实。
Though ugly in appearance, he is soft in manner. 虽然他的相貌丑陋，但举止很温柔。
(3) 手段，方法，用作可数名词。
He told the story in a frightening manner. 他以吓人的方式讲故事。
Do it in this manner. 用这种方式来做。
15.interrupt vt. vi.
(1) 打断，插嘴
It’s not polite to interrupt a speaker. 打断别人说话是不礼貌的。
Don’t interrupt; let him go on speaking. 别插嘴，让他继续说。
(2) 阻止，中断
I interrupt my work to watch TV. 我停下手里的活去看电视。
The war interrupted the trade between the two countries. 战争中断了两国间的贸易。
16.impression n. 印象
get an impression 得到某印象
have/make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象
be under the impression that 觉得，以为
What were your first impressions of Beijing? 你对北京的第一印象如何？
The book left/made a deep impression on him. 这本书给他留下了深刻的印象。
What he said gave her a bad impression. 他的话给它留下了恶劣的印象。
Everybody had the impression that she was a good match for the young man.
每个人都觉得她和那个年轻人是天生的一对。
17.mean vt.
(1) 意味着
Life to him means struggle. 对他来说生活意味着斗争。
His words means a lot to me. 他的话对我来说意味着许多。
What do you mean by saying this? 你说这话是什么意思？
Nodding the head means agreement. 点头就是同意。
(2) mean to do 打算做某事
What do you mean to do next? 下一步你打算做什么？
I mean to write a letter to my girlfriend. 我打算给我的女朋友写封信。
I know I have hurt her feelings, but I didn’t mean to.
我知道我伤害了她，但这不是我的本意。
I had meant to apologize to him, but I changed my mind.
我本打算向他道歉，但又改变了主意。
(3) mean doing 意味着---
Her smile means being happy. 她的微笑意味着正高兴。
Waving the hand means saying goodbye. 挥手意味着道别。
If it means delaying one more week, I will not wait.
如果这意味着拖延一个星期，我就不等了。
(4) mean sb. to do 打算要某人做---
I mean you to repair my bike. 我打算要你给我修自行车。
I had meant you to get up early, but you got up late.
我本打算要你早起，但你起晚了。
He meant his son to succeed. 他要他的儿子成功。
(5) means n. 手段，方法；工具（单复数同形）
a means of transportation 交通工具
a means of communication 通讯方式
by all means 无论如何，务必
by means of 借助---
by this means 通过这种方式
They tried all possible means. 他们尝试过一切可能的方式。
There is/are no means of getting there. 没有办法可以到达那里。
Finish it by all means. 无论如何都要完成它。
Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music. 思想也可借助音乐表达。
We’ll be connected with that factory by this means. 我们将用这种方式与那个工厂联系。
18.must 表推测
(1) 对现在事实的推测，用 must be/do sth.
对过去事实的推测，用must have done
He must be over 70 now. 他现在肯定有70多岁了。
He knows something about Beijing. I think he must have been there.
他对北京有所了解，我想他一定去过那儿。
(2) 表推测否定形式为 can’t do, can’t/couldn’t have done。
He can’t be from America, for his English is not good at all.
他不可能是从美国来的，因为他的英语一点也不好。
He can’t have bought this book, for he is reading mine.
他不可能买了这本书，因为他正在看我的。
(3) 含must表推测的句子，反意疑问句应根据实际时态的动词形式决定。
He must be Mr. Chen, isn’t he?
(去掉must后的陈述句为：He is Mr. Chen.)
He must have stayed at home yesterday, didn’t he?
(还原为: He stayed at home yesterday.)
You must have met him before, haven’t you?
（还原为：You have met him before.）
高考链接：
(1) ---Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
---Oh, he ____ have been a very smart student. (NMET 2004)
A. could B. should C. might D. must
答案：D
分析：对过去情况的肯定推测，用must have done。
(2) He ____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (北京2005)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
答案：B
分析： 同上题。
(3) I _____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
答案：B
分析：对过去的否定推测用 can’t/couldn’t have done。
19.introduce vt.
(1) 介绍
Let me introduce myself first. 先让我作一下自我介绍。
May I introduce you to Mr. Brown? 让我介绍你跟布郎先生认识好吗？
(2) 引进，提出
They introduced the idea that children could learn to read as babies.
他们提出在婴儿阶段就可教小孩认字这个想法。
Who introduced the bad idea? 谁提出的这个糟糕的想法？
They introduced a topic for discussion. 他们提出议题供讨论。
(3) （以---）开始
I introduced my class with a funny story. 我以一个有趣的故事开始我的课。
What did he introduce the program with? 他以什么开始节目的？
Relative pronouns introduce adjective clauses. 关系代词引出定语从句。
(4) 使认识，使知道
Tom introduced me to jazz. 汤姆使我了解了爵士乐。
Watching TV programs introduced me to this play.
看电视使我了解了这个戏剧。
20.否定前缀
(1) in-
indirect adj. 间接的
inability n. 无能力
inaction n. 无行动
(2) un-
unhappy 不高兴的 unlike 不像的
uncomfortable 不舒服的 uncommon 不常见的
unable 不能的 uncertain 不确定的
unafraid 不害怕的
(3) dis-
disagree 不同意 dislike 不喜欢 disabled 残废的
(4) im-
impossible 不可能的 improbable 不大可能的 impolite 没礼貌的
(5) non-
nonstop 不停的 non-smoker 不吸烟者
否定前缀词作谓语时，反意疑问部分通常仍用否定形式。
He disagrees to my plan, doesn’t he? 他不同意我的计划，是吗？
Tom is unlike his mother, isn’t he? 汤姆不象他妈妈，是吗？
21.fashion n. 流行，时髦，时尚
a fashion show 时装表演
set a/the fashion 领导潮流
follow the fashion 赶时髦
come into fashion 流行起来
go out of fashion 渐渐过时
be in fashion 正流行
be out of fashion 不再流行
Wide trousers are the latest fashion. 宽腿裤是最新流行的款式。
She arranged flowers in/after her own fashion. 她以自己的方式插花。
Fashions for men’s clothes change less frequently than fashions for women’s clothes.
男装的式样不如女装的式样变化多。
When did that style of dress come into/go out of fashion?
那种衣服的样式什么时候流行/不流行？
* fashionable adj. 时髦的，流行的
a fashionable dressmaker 有钱人光顾的裁缝
a fashionable summer resort 时髦的避暑胜地
22.besides
(1) prep. 除了---之外还有---
There were three more visitors besides me. 除我之外，还有三位访客。
Besides being a scholar, he was a famous writer. 他除了是位学者，还是位有名的作家。
Do you have any other books besides these?
除了这些书，你还有没有其它的呢？
(2) 除了---之外（不再有），用于否定句，相当于except.
Nobody knows the truth besides him. 除他之外没有人知道真相。
(3) adv. 而且，此外
She is still young and beautiful besides. 她仍然年轻而且漂亮。
It is too late to go now. Besides, it is beginning to rain.
现在出去太晚了，而且开始下雨了。
同步练习：
一、单项选择：
1.The roof fell _____ he had time to rush out.
A. until B. before C. when D. since
2.We walked as fast as we could, _____ to catch the early train.
A. hoped B. having hoped C. for hoping D. hoping
3.Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _____ an inch.
A. by B. at C. to D. from
4.---We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
---What do you think _____ to her?
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened
5.Beyond _____ stars, the astronauts saw nothing but _____ space.
A. the, / B. /, the C. /, / D. the, the
6.---Why haven’t you bought any butter?
---I ____ to, but I forgot about it.
A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected
7.---I must apologize ____ you know ahead of time.
---That’s all right.
A. for letting not B. for not letting C. to let D. not to let
8.Won’t you shut up? I think you ______.
A. were going too far B. had done wrong
C. did wrong D. are going too far
9.Hurry up! The train ______. You know it _____ at 8:30 am.
A. leaves, leaves B. is leaving, leaves
C. leaves, is leaving D. is leaving, is leaving
10.---Have a nice weekend!
---______.
A. The same to you
B. You do too
C. The same as you
D. You have it too
11.It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
12.We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to _____ it. It might be valuable.
A. hold on to B. keep C. turn to D. look after
13.He was so ____ when he saw a _____ snake that he jumped _____.
A. frightened, frightened, in fright
B. frightened, frightening, with fright
C. frightening, frightening, in fright
D. frightening, frightened, with fright
14.The factory is ______ new techniques from abroad this year.
A. borrowing B. buying C. bringing D. introducing
15.---Let me introduce myself. I’m Robert.
---_____.
A. What a pleasure
B. It’s a pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you
D. I’m very pleased
二、单词拼写：
1.He was _________(营救) from imprisonment.
2.He had several __________(机会) to go abroad but her never took them.
3.They have done much to ________(推进) the cause of peace in the world.
4.I’ll _______(讨论) this question with my friend.
5.He was ________(授予，颁发) the prize for being the fastest runner.
6.We were late, _______(因为) to the snow.
7.I can’t ________(花得起) time to go traveling.
8.I _______(收到) an invitation, but I didn’t accept it.
9.The cat was playing with a ______(活的) mouse.
10.It’s bad _______(礼貌，礼仪) to leave without saying goodbye.
11.Don’t ______(打扰) me while I’m busy.
12.His first speech as president made a strong ______(印象) on his audience.
13.Social _______(风俗) vary greatly from country to country.
14.The teacher has just ______(介绍) the new pupil to the rest of the class.
15.He _______(拆开) the letter and began to read it.
三、书面表达：
写一篇100字左右的报道，报道一次火灾事故。
起火时间：2004年2月15日上午11点20分。
起火地点：吉林省吉林市中百商厦。
起火原因：一员工将点燃的香烟掉落在库房，引燃地上纸屑。
持续时间：至15点40分将火扑灭。
伤亡情况：死亡54人，受伤70人。
50多辆消防车和260多名消防官兵参加灭火，经济损失巨大。
答案与分析：
一、
1.B 由题意“他还没来得及跑出来，房顶就塌了”可知rush out 前就fell 了。
2.D 本题为doing做伴随状语，由题意“我们尽快赶路以期赶上早班车”可知hope动作与walk动作同时发生。
3.A 题意为“幸运的是，子弹差一英尺没有射中上尉”，介词by可以和表示尺寸、距离、时间等的数量词连用，表示相差多少距离或增减的程度。
4.C 本题中do you think为插入语，去掉后就是what has happened to her?
5.A space作“太空”解时，前面通常不加冠词，stars是复数名词，表泛指时，前不加冠词，表特指时，前加the.
6.C 本题通过语境考查词义辨析，mean to do表示打算做，meant to do 常表示本打算做却没有做。
7.B apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.， doing 的否定形式为not doing。
8.D 根据语境可知说话者是指说话时正在进行的动作，强调动作的过程，并含有不满的情绪，因此用现在进行时，意思为“你跑题了”。
9.B 第一空用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作，第二空用一般现在时表示按时间表安排的动作。
10.A 回答表示祝愿的交际用语时用the same to you .
11.A stand close to sb. 靠近某人站着，closely常表示抽象含义，意为“密切地，接近地”。
12.A hold on to意为“留着不卖，不放弃”。
13.B 表示“由于某事而害怕”用frightened, 表示“令人害怕的”用frightening, in fright “惊恐地”，with fright “由于害怕”。
14.D introduce表示“引进，采用”，短语可用bring in.
15.C 在别人初次作自我介绍后，一般以Pleased/Glad to meet/see you等作答。
二、
1.rescued 2.opportunities 3.advance 4.discuss 5.awarded
6.owing 7.afford 8.received 9.live 10.manners
11.disturb 12.impression 13.customs 14.introduced 15.unfolded
三、
（1）确定时态：一般过去时
（2）新闻报道的开头应先用一两句话讲明时间、地点及事件。
（3）注意换用不同句式表达，以避免重复。
A Fire Accident
A big fire broke out in Zhongbai Department Store of Jilin City of Jilin Province on February 15th,2004.
The fire started at 11:20 in the morning and lasted more than four hours before it was at last put out at 3:40pm by 260 firemen as well as 50 fire engines. Fifty-four people were killed and more than seventy got injured in the fire. And the damage was uncountable. It is said that a worker dropped a burning cigarette end on the floor of the warehouse, which caused the fire to spread.