Unit 11 The Sound of The World
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. Practice. vi/vt 实践；练习 practise doing sth 练习做某事
practice n. 练习;实践 eg. Practice makes perfect.（熟能生巧）put …into practice 付诸实践；
practical a. 实际的;实用的
practiced a. 熟练的;精通的
2. What do you have in mind？你心里在想什么？
have sth．／sb，in mind意为心中想着（某人／某事）’含 mind的短语有：chang one’s mind“改变主意”；be in one’s mind有……的想法、想念”；have／there is sth on one’s mind有……心事”；keep in mind记住：make up one’s mind“打定主意．read one’s mind“看出……的心事,知道……在想什么”；。out of sight,out of mind “眼不见为净”等.
mind还可作动词，意为“当心，介意，注意，照看”等 例如：
Mind your own business少管闲事
Mind your manners．Peter！彼得，注意礼貌！
3.辨析：other，another，others，the other，the others
（1）other意为“其他的”，数量不确定。常与some相对。如：
①When winter comes，some birds fly to the south；other birds stay．
冬天到来时，有些鸟儿飞去南方，其他的留下来。
②I’m busy now，please ask me about it some other time．
我现在正忙，请另找个时间问我此事的情况。
注意：other 修饰复数名词，可以换成others，如①中的other birds可以换成others
（2）the other用于修饰单数可数名词或修饰复数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，表示确定的数量。如：
③The other students in the class keep their eyes closed．班上其余的学生闭着眼睛。
④Show me the other hand．把另一只手拿给我看看。
注意：the other修饰单数可数名词,可单独使用，修饰复数名词，可以换成the others，但other本身不能单独使用
（3）another等于one other，表示不确定的另外一个，可以单独用，也可修饰名词，并且只能修饰可数名词。如：
③I don’t like this one，please show me another．我不喜欢这个，请给我拿另一个看看。
another也可修饰复数名词，意为“另外的”。如：
⑥There’s room for another few people in the back of the bus.这辆公共汽车的后边还能坐下几个人。
4. spread v. 传播;散布;使伸展 [注意]过去式,过去分词和原形相同
If I tell you the secret, don’ t spread it around. 如果我告诉你这个秘密，请不要传播。
The fire soon spread through the whole of the town. 火很快蔓延到整个城市。
I spread my arms as far apart as I could. 我尽可能地将双臂伸展开
Spread out 伸展身体，摊开，散开
There’s more room to spread out in first class. 在头等舱宽敞些，伸得开腿。
Do you have to spread yourself out all over the sofa? 你就非得躺下，把整个沙发占了才行吗？
The searchers spread out to cover the area faster. 搜索人员分散开来，好更快搜索这一地区。
Papers had been spread out on the desk. 各种报纸摊在桌上。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
5. universal a.全体的;普遍的;;众所周知的;宇宙的;全世界的;万能的,通用的;多才多艺的;博闻广见的
The government introduced universal secondary education years ago. 几年前,政府就倡导普及中等教育。
Football is a universal game. 足球是一项全球性的运动。
It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. 玩具在世界各地发展的一致性和它们持续到今天是令人惊奇的。
６. pick(v.)的用法
(1)摘、捡、拾
e.g. He picked her a rose. 他为她摘了朵玫瑰花。
The little birds were picking the grain. 小鸟在啄食粮食。
(2)挑选
Please pick a good book for me. 请为我选本好书。
(3)pick out选好、选出、认出、看清楚
Pick out those books that you’d like to read. 把你喜欢看的书选出来。
We could pick out different places in the city from the plane.我们能从飞机上把城里的各个地方认出来。
(4)pick up拾起，拿起(非正规地)学会，学到，取(某物)，接(某人)上车；听到，收听，用便宜的价钱买到
Please pick up all the pieces of paper. 请把所有的纸片都捡起来。
He picked up French while he was staying in Paris. 他在巴黎逗留期间学会了法语。
The bus stopped and picked up three people. 公共汽车停住，上来了三个人。
My radio can pick up VOA very clearly. 我的收音机听美国之音很清楚。
6. desire vt. (不用于进行时) 渴望，期望，想望 （desire to do ）
We all desire health and happiness. 我们都渴望健康和幸福。
Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country. 想住在这个国家北部的人就更少了。
Desire 引导从句：表示 “建议、请求、命令、要求” 等主观意向的词(如：suggest、advise、 assume、 decide、 demand、 desire、 insist、 propose、 order、 recommend、 require、 suggest...)，引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。虚拟语气中的格式很固定：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响。
n. 欲望，渴望（for sth, to do ）
７. entertain vt.1. 使欢乐,使娱乐 2. 招待,款待(+with/at/to) vi. 款待,请客
We were all entertained by his humorous stories. 他的幽默故事使我们大家都很开心。
They often entertained their friends at weekends. 他们常在周末招待朋友。
8. 绝大多数带宾语的及物动词都可以从主动语态变成被动语态。但在下列情况下则不能转换。
(1)受动词的限制
表示状态的及物动词。这类动词有：hold(容纳)，own(拥有)，owe(归属)，suit(适合)，contain(包括)，cost(花费)，lack(缺少)，love(爱)，hate(恨)，have(有)，last(持续)等。不能转换成被动语态。
e.g. We have a new house. 我们有座新房子。
The great hall holds 2 000 people. 这个大厅能容纳2 000人。
The paper will last me a whole term. 这纸够我一学期用。
have表示“吃(饭)”“患(病)”“明白”“知道”等意思时，没有被动语态。
e.g. She had no English. 她不懂英语。
Have you had your lunch?
你吃过午饭了吗？
谓语部分有表示主语“能力”的can，或有表示主语“意愿”的will，would，would rather，dare等时，不能转换成被动结构。
e.g. I can speak English. 我会说英语。
John will marry Rose. 约翰将与罗丝结婚。
be，become，turn，get，go，fall，look，sound等系动词后面的各词是表语，也不能转换成被动语态。
e.g. His dream has become a reality. 他的梦想已经实现。
He has turned scientist. 他已成为科学家。
一些由及物动词与各词构成的不可分割的短语动词，也不能变成被动语态。
e.g. Great changes have taken place since liberation.
解放以来发生了巨大的变化。
We should not lose heart，but make another try.
我们不应灰心，而应再试一次。
He often makes faces in class.
他常在课堂上扮鬼脸。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
(2)受宾语的限制
含有下列情况的宾语时，主动语态不能转换成被动语态。
表示地点、处所的名词作宾语时，常见的动词有：leave，enter，reach，join等。
e.g. He reached Beijing at 6 o’clock. 他在六点钟到达北京。
He entered the office. 他走进了办公室。
Her brother joined the army two years ago. 她哥哥两年前参的军。
She swam across the river. 她游过了河。
同源名词作宾语，常见的动词有die，sleep，smile，laugh，fight，live等。
e.g. We are living a happy life. 我们过着愉快的生活。
I dreamed a wonderful dream. 我做了一个美梦。
有些抽象名词作宾语。
e.g. He lost interest in English. 他对英语失去了兴趣。
反身代词、相互代词、动词不定式、动名词作宾语时。
e.g. She killed herself in 1998. 她1998年自杀的。
We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
I want to watch TV every day. 我想每天看电视。
John enjoys singing. 约翰喜欢唱歌。
宾语前带有指代主语的物主代词。
e.g. The doctor shook his head. 大夫摇了摇头。
宾语常是表示“度量”的名词。
e.g. We walked two miles. 我们走了两英里。
cost，wish，promise等带双宾语时。
e.g. It costs me much time. 它花了我很多时间。
He promised us to come. 他答应我们要来。
love，like，want，wish，get，cause等带复合宾语时。
e.g. Do you really wish him to go? 你真的希望他去？
He has to get someone to help him. 他必须让某个人来帮助他。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
五、高考真题
1.(2001 上海)The new suspension bridge(吊桥)___________by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed
简析：选B。本题由时间状语by the end of last month可以确定用过去完成时，再由design动作的承受者suspension bridge作主语可以确定用被动语态。
2.(NMET 2000)I’ve worked with children before, so I know what____ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
简析：选B。know learn, decide等后边常跟“wh-+to do”的结构，相当于wh-词引出的宾语从句。此处不强调进行，排除C。B项相当于“so I know I should expect what in my new job.”,expect的主语应该是“人(工)”。若用A、D两项的动词作what从句的谓语动词，它的主语则不是“人”而是“物(what)”。因此句型结构错误。
3.(2001 春)If this dictionary is not yours, ___________can it be?
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s
简析：选D。“……它还可能是别的什么人的呢？”此处是说字典的拥有者，与“人”有关，排除A、C两项。主语“it”指字典，表语不可能是“人”，排除B，而是“某人的”，故D正确。注意：属格的符号“‘”，要加在else上。
4.(2001 春)Hundreds of jobs ___________if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
简析：选B。从句意看是对将来的假设，if条件从句中是(用一般现在时“closes”代替)一般将来时，主句“结果”也应是将来的时态，排除A、C两项。job和lose应为被动关系，排除D项。
Unit 12. Art and Literature
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. Make 的用法
(一)make+宾语+宾补
make一词可搭配的宾语补足语有以下几种情况：
(1)make+adj.+n./adj.
We have made him our monitor. 我们推选他为班长。
The news of her death made us sad. 她死亡的消息使我们悲伤。
当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
I made it a condition that everybody must be present. 我提出条件，人人都要出席。
That made it impossible for us to go on. 这使我们没法进行下去。
(2)make+adj.+do sth.
They made me retell the story. 他们要我重讲一遍这个故事。
注意：在被动结构中，不定式要带“to”。
I was made to retell the story.
(3)make+adj.+v.-ed
The strange noise made the child frightened. 奇怪的声音使孩子感到恐惧。
通常情况下，make后的宾语是反身代词时，作宾语的动词要用过去分词，即：
make oneself+v.-ed(heard,known,understood)
He spoke so loud as to make himself heard. 他大声地说以便能让人听清楚。
Will you please make yourself known to us in English? 你能用英语给我们作一下自我介绍吗？
但有时，视句意也可用其他形式。
The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller. 那个小孩站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。
2. power n. 能力，力量；政权；权利
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.
The leader has the power to make a decision. 领导有做决定的权利。
A new power station has been built. 这儿新建了一座发电站.
短语：take power/come into power上台，开始执政 out of/beyond one’s power能力所不及 power politics 强权政治
可数名词，“强国，有影响的人或事” the Western Powers 西方列强
3．trick n. 可数名词，“诡计，计谋” play a trick on sb 捉弄某人
He got the money from me by a trick.
vt. trick sb into doing sth “用计诱使某人做某事”
She tricked him into marrying her.
4．series n.“系列，连续”，单复数相同 a series of “一系列”
a series of school textbooks 一套教科书 television series 电视连续剧 in series 连续地，顺序地
5. treat vt 1) 对待 treat ……as/like “把当作/像一样对待”
e.g. They treated me as one of the family.
2) 治疗 treat a disease/sb “治病/为某人治疗”
e.g. The doctors were not able to treat this disease.
3) 款待，请客， 常用于 treat sb to (sth)这一结构，表示“以某物款待某人” be one’s treat 由（该）某人请客
We will treat you to dinner. 我们请你吃饭
6. in trouble 处于困境中，有麻烦
You’d better ask for leave, or you may be in trouble. 你最好还是去请假，否则你可能有麻烦.
与trouble 相关的常用搭配：
have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有麻烦 get into/out of trouble 陷入/摆脱困境
7. habit n.习惯，习性. 常可以构成以下短语：
be in/ form/develop/have a habit of doing sth 有（养成）做…….的习惯
get/fall into the habit of 染上……的习惯 out of habit 出于习惯
I only do it out of habit. 我只是出于习惯。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
8. shoulder n.肩膀 vt.肩负,承当
She shouldn’t shoulder all the blame for the mistake.
[习语] shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 give sb the cold shoulder 以冷淡态度对待某人
9. with a scar on his forehead 是with的复合宾语结构，宾语补足语除介词短语外，还有形容词,副词,过去分词,不定式,---ing等.
e.g. The boy was sleepy soundly, with a smile on his face.
他被绑着双手带进来. He was brought in, with his hands tied behind him.
With a lot of difficult problem to settle the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
10. as if“好像，仿佛”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句，有时还可以接不定式.引导方式状语从句时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气.
e.g. He talked as if he had been to Beijing. 他说话好象去过北京。
It looks as if the suit was made by her mother. 看起来这件衣服是她的妈妈做的。
He opened his mouth as if to say something. 他张开口好象要说什么。
He acts as if(he was)a fool. 他做事像个傻子。
She left the room hurriedly as if(she was) angry. 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 当铅笔一部分在水里时，看起来象折了一样。
11. if only 在文中表示“但愿，要是…..就好了”，是对前面所述情况的一种假设，句子多用虚拟语气；
It’s a wonderful job. If only I could do it. 这工作棒极了，要是我能做就好了.
Look at the trouble I am in！If only I had followed your advice. 看看我现在的麻烦！我要是早听你的建议就好了。
[知识拓展] 1).only if 表示“只有…..才”, 强调条件实现的依据.
You will be able to speak English well only if you practice constantly.
2).as long as “只要”具有很强的时间延续性，从句的动词常为延续性动词.
You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.
12. 1.They were about to steal into the house while a few policemen came up.
简析：将while改为when。表示“正准备做某事，突然……”时，连词要用when。此时when相当于and at that time;and then,不可用while。因为while用作并列连词时，表示转折和对比之意。
2.His teacher loves him very much as if she is his mother.
答案：将is改为were。当as if引导的从句表示一种不真实的情况时，谓语动词需用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反时，要用过去式，be动词不论第几人称，均用were。
3.Nothing which you do will make any difference.
答案：去掉which或将which改为that。先行词是不定代词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which,作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。
4.He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.
答案：应将know改为knows。因为one前有the only修饰，one 指代名词单数teacher,而不是复数名词the teachers。
5.Tom made rapid progress at school, as pleased his parents a lot.
答案：将as改为which。as和which都能引导一个先行词是整个主句内容的非限制性定语从句。as有词义，可译为“正如……”，which无词义，只代表主句的意思，可译为“这件事”“这一点”。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
五、高考真题
1.(NMET 2000)Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up _________I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since AC. until A D. before
简析：答案为D。before用作连词时，表示时间，意思是“在……之前”，但在实际应用中，要看语境，其译法非常灵活。此句应译为：“有人在半夜给我打了电话，可是我还未来得及接电话他就挂断了。”
2. (NMET 2001)___________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
简析：答案为B。as和which均可引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，但as引出的从句可放在句首、句中或句末，而which引出的从句通常只能放在主句后面。
3. (2000上海)Recently I bought a Chinese vase, ___________was very reasonable.
A. which B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
简析：答案为B。这是考查非限制性定语从句的用法，the price of which=whose price,是指代前面的Chinese vase的一种所有格的变形。
4. (NMET 2000)Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare-you must learn to______.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
简析：答案为D。share意为“共同分享”，合乎语境。
5. (NMET 1999)Carol said the work would be done by October, ________personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
简析：答案为D。本题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法，也涉及到了人称代词(it)，指示代词(that)和关系副词(when)。此题为一包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，which引导定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。