Reading:
1 award: v. 1)颁奖，授奖award sb. Sth 2)裁定；判决；裁决；裁决书n.1) 奖；奖品win an award
He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.他跑得最快,因而获得了金牌。
The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire. 法官判给在火灾中受伤的人一大笔钱。 Reward: v.酬谢；酬劳；报答n. 酬谢；酬劳
How can I reward your kindness?我如何酬谢你的好意呢？
a reward of $900 for catching the criminal 因抓获罪犯而得900美元酬金
2 fair: adj.1)公平的，公道的a fair referee; 公平的裁判员；a fair deal; 公平交易；a fair fight; 公平战争；2) 合理的；正当的 It's fair enough to ask your close friends to help."向你的好朋友求助,这是很自然的/理所当然的 3) 美丽的（女性）a fair lady
adv.（副词）光明正大地：用适当的或合法的方式：play fair.光明正大地处事
n. 商品展览会；商品交易会a book fair书展
3 potential: adj.潜在的，可能的：潜伏的：a potential problem.潜在的问题
Potentiality n.可能力, (用复数)潜能.潜力.可能性
4 gift: n.1)礼品；赠品 2)天赋，天资；才能Gifted:adj. be gifted in dth
He has a gift for poetry.他有做诗的天赋。a man of many gifts多才多艺的人
5 assist: assist sb with sth/in doing sth Assist sb to do sth.
We’ll assist you in finding somewhere to live.
Assistance: n. with the assistance of sth Come to sb’s assistance Can I be of any assistance?
6 adjust:v 1)调整；调节；使适合；使适应
adjust my watch校准我的表 adjust oneself to the schoollife适应学校生活
Adapt: v. 1)使适应；使适合 He adapted himself to the cold weather.他适应了寒冷的天气。
2)改编；改装 Here is a letter adapted from DEAR ABBY, Philadelphia Bulletin, March 9,1973.
这里摘登一封'亲爱的爱毕'的回信,刊登在一九七三年三月九日的'费城公报”
Integrating skills:
7 respect: n.1)（与of, for连用）尊敬；尊重
to show respect to those who are older尊敬长者
The students have great respect for their history teacher.学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。
2)关心；注意 to pay (have) respect to关心
3)(pl) 敬意；问候 Give my respects to your wife.请代我向你太太问好。
4) in all respects无论从哪方面来看 in respect of关于；就…来说；
8 participate vi.: 参加某事：participated in the festivities.参加庆祝活动
n. participation 参与：参与或分享某事的行为：
Teachers often encourage class participation.教师常鼓励学生积极参与
9. conduct: vt., vi.1)行为；举止；为人；表现 Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子们表现甚佳。
2)处理； 经营；引导；实施 My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。
3)引导；导游 The headmaster conducted us round the school.校长带引我们在学校里参观了一圈。
The guide conducted us on a tour of the oldest museum in the country. 导游带我们游览了这个国家最老的博物馆。
4)指挥（乐队） 5)导电；导热 Metal conducts electricity.金属导电。
n.1)行为；举止；举动；品行His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。
2)处理；经营；引导；实施
10. access: n. 1)进入；通道 2)使用；接近v. 接近，进入：获得接触（数据或程序）的途径
There is no access to the street through that door.穿过那个门没有通向大街的路。
easy of access易于接近 Students need access to books.学生需要使用书本。
accessible: adj Easily approached or entered.易接近的，易进入的; 易相处的
accessible money.易得到的金钱 an accessible manager.易于相处的经理
Unit 18 知识要点 Warming up
1 environmentally friendly. 环保
friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含义，还有“友善的，表示赞赏的，不反对的”含义。
A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views. 对任何争端进行友好的辩论有助于进一步了解相互的观点。
It’s a government friendly to our interests.这是一个符合我们利益的政府。
2 let out 放掉, 使知道；泄露; 放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸; 出租（房屋等）
类似词组有：let sb/sth down使失望, 使降低，
There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.好像有个人在花园里，把狗放出来吧。
Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.释放气球中的空气,把它放在塑料袋里。
Who let that story out?是谁泄露了消息?
I want to let out a coat.我想放大一件外衣。
I want to live outside London. Do you know there is any house let out? 我想住在伦敦外面，你知道哪有出租的房屋吗？
3 come up with 想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生； 赶上
He couldn’t come up with an answer.他答不上来。
People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.人们把各种主意用不同的方式组合在一起，形成一些新想法。
He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.他先想出了去参观工厂的好主意。
We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.我们在努力达到先进水平。
引申： come up “显现；出现，提升，靠近”
The question never came up.这个问题未从曾发生过。 The sun came up.太阳升起来了。
a general who came up from the ranks按等级晋升的将军 came up and said hello靠近并打招呼
come down 传递；传给；减价
The song comes down to us from the 10th century.这首歌从10世纪一直传到我们这一代。
These legends came down to us from the 15th century.这些传说是从15世纪流传下来的。
I don’t think TV sets will come down this year, do you?我看今年电视机的价格不会跌,你看呢?
4 a matter of正常或经常的事情； 理所当然的事情
Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence.回答这个问题只不过要运用一下你的智慧。
To solve the problem is just a matter of time.要解决这个问题仅仅是个时间问题。
拓展： a matter of 还可以表示“大约，大概”的含义。We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.我们大约只等了10分钟。
a matter of life or death 生死攸关的事情; 3.a matter of opinion 看法不同的事情， 见仁见智的事情
as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上
5 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破旧立新的意思就是要用新方法解决问题。
此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思为解放思想，思维方式要突破陈规，破旧立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主语，表语是to try new ways to solve a problem,这是因为作主语的动名词、 不定式有对称使用的特点。
1. Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe. 眼见为实 2.To know everything is to know nothing.样样皆通，样样稀松。3.To respect the others is to be respected.尊重别人就是尊重自己。
4.To love nature is to love mankind itself.爱自然就是爱人类自己。5.To teach is to learn.教即是学。
考题：It is better to lose one’s life than . A. if you lose your spirit B. losing his spirit
C. to lose one’s spirit D. your spirit getting lost 答案：C
6 allow for考虑；顾及；把某事算在内
We must allow for his inexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验这一点。
It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays.
考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。
Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
把火车晚点考虑在内， 我们应该在十点半之前回来。
10. 及物动词reject 后面通常接名词， 在此意思是拒绝接受。
He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。
We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。
reject还可以表示抛弃的含义。
The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.如果你拒绝来的话，那男孩会感到被抛弃的。
比较： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敌对 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍住；顶住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。
7. be stuck in 与be caught in, be trapped in 的侧重点不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等。
We were caught in a storm on the way home.我们在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴风雨。
be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套。
She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
8. otherwise: adv.1)不同地 2)（在）其他方面; 3)（在不同情况下）否则
We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise. 我们原打算踢足球，可是天很热，我们就决定干别的了。
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子。
We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.我们得早一点去，不然就没有座位了。
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.我又多写了一页，不然的话已经完成了。
9. attempt: v attempt to do attempt +n, make an attempt; at the first attempt,
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.我试图一次读完整本小说
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance. 我们尝试在没有外援的情况下完成复杂的特技动作
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner.她试着做这顿饭。Make an attempt on /at doing sth
10. Application: n应用;
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency. 把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上,通常可以提高效率。
2)适用 This has no application to the case这不适用于那个案子。
3)正式申请；书面申请 an application for a job求职书
4)敷用（药物）5)勤勉；专心
He worked with great application. 他工作非常勤奋。
apply vt., vi. applied, applying
1) 请求；申请I want to apply for the job.我想申请这项工作。
2)应用；使用；适用to apply a nickname用绰号
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。
3)涂，敷，抹Apply medicine to his wound.在他伤口上涂药。
A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.有个护士正在给他的伤口敷药。
4)产生作用；有直接关系What I have said does not apply to you.我说的话与你无关。
This rule does not apply.这个规则不适用。
4)专心；集中精力apply oneself to专心从事，埋头于…
The new comer applied his mind to the job.新来的职员工作专心致志。
Students should apply themselves to their study.学生们应该专心致志地学习。
Integrating skills
11. We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes. 人人都说我们生活在信息时代，一个充满着新发现和巨大变化的时代。
1.Bronze Age 铜器时代 the Ice Age 冰河世纪
age 用作复数时，表示长时间，相当于for a long time。
1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很长时间没有看见她了。
2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我们好久未见面了。
Unit 17 Disabilities清单
Reading:
2 award: v. 1)_______award sb. Sth 2)裁定；判决；裁决；裁决书n.1) 奖；奖品win an award
He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.
The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire.
Reward: v. __________；报答n. 酬谢；酬劳
How can I reward your kindness? a reward of $900 for catching the criminal
3 fair在不同语境中的意思：
a fair referee; _____的裁判员；a fair deal; _______交易
It's fair enough to ask your close friends to help."向你的好朋友求助,这是很_________的
a fair lady __________的（女性）play fair._______地处事 a book fair__________
4 potential: adj.______________：a potential problem.__________的问题
Potentiality n. (用复数)_____________.可能性
8 gift: n.1)礼品；赠品 2)天赋，天资；才能Gifted: adj. be gifted in dth
He has a gift for poetry. a man of many gifts
9 assist: assist sb with sth/in doing sth Assist sb to do sth
We’ll assist you in finding somewhere to live.
Assistance: n. with the assistance of sth Come to sb’s assistance Can I be of any assistance?
14 adjust:v 1)调整；调节；使适合；使适应
adjust my watch adjust oneself to the schoollife
Adapt: v. He adapted himself to the cold weather.
Here is a letter adapted from DEAR ABBY, Philadelphia Bulletin, March 9,1973.
这里摘登一封'亲爱的爱毕'的回信,刊登在一九七三年三月九日的'费城公报”
Integrating skills:
16 respect: n.1)（与of, for连用）_____
to show respect to those who are older
3)(pl) _________ Give my respects to your wife.
4) in all respects无论从哪方面来看 in respect of关于；就…来说；
17 participate vi.: 参加某事：_________ the festivities.参加庆祝活动
n. participation _____：Teachers often encourage class participation.
18. conduct 在不同语境中的意思：
Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子们___________甚佳。
My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业________得很成功。
The headmaster conducted us round the school.校长带_________我们在学校里参观了一圈。
Metal conducts electricity.金属_________电。
n. His conduct disagrees with his words.他___________。
There was growing criticism of the government’s conduct of the war.对于政府在战争中的______有越来越多的指责。
19. access/ accessible在不同语境中的意思：
There is no access to the street through that door. easy of access
Students need access to books accessible money. an accessible manager.
Unit 18 知识清单
Warming up
1 environmentally friendly. _____________
friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含义，还有“友善的，表示赞赏的，不反对的”含义。
A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views.
It’s a government friendly to our interests.
2 let out 放掉, 使知道；泄露; 放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸; 出租（房屋等）
类似词组有：let sb/sth down使失望, 使降低，
There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.
Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.
Who let that story out? I want to let out a coat.
I want to live outside London. Do you know there is any house let out?
3 come up with_______（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生； 赶上
He couldn’t come up with an answer.
People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.
He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.
We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.
引申： come up 的意思 The question never came up. The sun came up. a general who came up from the ranks came up and said hello
come down 的意思 The song comes down to us from the 10th century. These legends came down to us from the 15th century. I don’t think TV sets will come down this year, do you?
4 a matter of正常或经常的事情； 理所当然的事情
Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence. To solve the problem is just a matter of time.
a matter of 还可以表示“________”的含义。We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.
a matter of life or death ______的事情; 3.a matter of opinion _______的事情， _______的事情
as a matter of fact _______________
5 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破旧立新的意思就是要用新方法解决问题。
此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思为解放思想，思维方式要突破陈规，破旧立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主语，表语是to try new ways to solve a problem,这是因为作主语的动名词、 不定式有对称使用的特点。
1. Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe. 眼见为实
2.To know everything is _________.样样皆通，样样稀松。3.To respect the others is _________. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。4.To love nature is______________.爱自然就是爱人类自己。5.To teach is ___________.教即是学。
考题：It is better to lose one’s life than . A. if you lose your spirit B. losing his spirit
C. to lose one’s spirit D. your spirit getting lost 答案：C
6 allow for__________；把某事算在内
We must allow for his inexperience. It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays. Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
10. 及物动词reject 后面通常接名词， 在此意思是拒绝接受。
He rejected their invitation point-blank. We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
reject还可以表示抛弃的含义。 The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.
比较： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敌对 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍住；顶住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。
7. be stuck in 与be caught in, be trapped in 的侧重点不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等。
We were caught in a storm on the way home.我们在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴风雨。
be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套。
She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
8. otherwise: adv.1)不同地 We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
2)（在）其他方面 He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.
3)（在不同情况下）否则 We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.
9. attempt: v attempt to do attempt +n, make an attempt; at the first attempt,
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner. Make an attempt on /at doing sth
10. Application在不同语境中意义的不同。
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency. This has no application to the case an application for a job______________
4)敷用（药物）5)勤勉；专心 He worked with great application.
apply （vt., vi. applied, applying）在不同语境中意义的不同
I want to apply for the job. to apply a nickname
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.
Apply medicine to his wound. A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.
What I have said does not apply to you. This rule does not apply.
apply oneself to专心从事，埋头于… The new comer applied his mind to the job. Students should apply themselves to their study.
Integrating skills
11. We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes. 人人都说我们生活在信息时代，一个充满着新发现和巨大变化的时代。
1.Bronze Age ________时代 the Ice Age _________世纪 age 用作复数时，表示长时间，相当于for a long time。
1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很长时间没有看见她了。2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我们好久未见面了。
17单元过关练习
1. ,the dancers practice hard to make their dreams come true .
A．Instead of being disabled B．Being disabled C．Disabled as they are D．In case of being disabled
2. As a reward his contribution botany , Joseph Banks had a flower named him .
A．for ; for ; for B．for ; to ; after C．for ; for ; after D．of ; to ; for
3. At this moment, I cannot give you an answer yet. I’d like to spend _____ more time considering this problem. A. rather B. fairly C. quite D. really
4. The old man had the __________ ability to say humorous things without hurting anybody.
A. fair B. rare C. seldom D. bare
5. It ______ long before the Chinese Space Center ______ Shenzhou Ⅶ Spacecraft.
A. will not be; launches B. is; will launch C. will not be; will launch D. is; launches
6. He can speak English, German, French and Japanese. He is nearly a man with a(an) ______ for languages. A. gift B. present C. ability D. skill
7. The disabled need recognition and encouragement ridicule (嘲笑).
A. more than B. rather than C. other than D. less than
8. I don’t like the noise of these jet aircraft, but I’ve learned to __________ it.
A. stand with B. stay with C. live with D. work with
9. He was expecting to have completed the job by now. ____________, he’s only halfway through it.
A. As it is B. Even though C. That is D. In that case
10. Cooper and Teller are _______ of selling $ 4,700 worth of heroin to a number of drug users.
A. accused B. accustomed C. adjusted D. accompanied
11. I got here in America six months ago, and I have _______ the new environment here.
A. adapted to B. adjusted to C. used to D. engaged to
12. The Smiths bought a brand-new Rolls-Royce, which became the _________ of all their neighbors.
A. admire B. envy C. proud D. respect
13. -I hear your aunt likes travel, music, clothes and fine food. -Oh, yah, and music may have been of her tastes. A. the rather more respectable B. much the most respectable
C. the very most respectable D. even more respectable one
14. Many physicists from all over the world came to the U.S. to _____ the great festival.
A. congratulate B. observe C. celebrate D. participate
15. As you know, an open-minded person ____ reasons.
A. accessible to B. accessible C. is accessible to D. is accessible of
1-5 CBABA 6-10 ABCAA 11-15 BBBCC
Unit 18过关练习
1. Father looked _______at me. A. kind B. kindly C. pleased D. friendly
2. He accidentally _____he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks. A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
3. （学科大联考）She will have to find some other work for she can’t ________ this loud noise any more. A. come up with B. keep up with C. grow up with D. put up with
4. It’s impossible to _____ these results without knowing more about the research methods employed. A. value B. evaluate C. absorb D. benefit
5. It was a matter of _____ would take the position. A. who B. whoeverC. whom D. whomever
6. I suppose we’ll have to, bad weather conditions, spend more than 500 days undertaking the construction. A. considering B. allowed for C. including D. linked with
7. Marx took this and it to society, saying that the origins of change are all technological or economic, and not based on ideas．A．used B．rejected C．applied D．adjusted
8. （扬州二模）The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earth quakes can be forecast.
A. to proves B. to proves to C. to prove D. which proves to
9. Shelly had prepared carefully for the biology exam, so that she could be sure of passing it at her first _____. A. purpose B. desire C. wish D. attempt
10. The singer hasn't performed in public for over five years． _______ , she is very popular
with young people． A．But B．Still C．Otherwise D．Therefore
11. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
12. Public of the problem will make the government take it seriously .
A．awareness B．evaluation C．existence D．evidence
13. Though Van Gosh formed his own painting style，we can still see the______of some famous Freneh artists on his works．A．reflect B．application C．relation D．influence
14. （寿光模拟）Newly-arrived guests must____________at the hotel’s reception desk.
A. register B. exchange C. expose D. apply
15. -I’ll come_____ John is invited, too. - You mean if John comes you’ll come.
A. in case B. so that C. on condition that D. now that
1-5 BADBA 6-10 BCBDB 11-15 CADAC