Unit 1(Senior 3)
1 charity
（1）n.-ties
施舍；布施 慈善机构；慈善事业；慈善团体
The Red Cross is an international charity.红十字会是个国际性的慈善机构。
练习 ：她出于慈善帮助他。
常用：in charity出于恻隐之心、对...有好感(with)
out of charity (with) 对...没有好感
2 need
（1）常用 A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难之交是真朋友。
be [stand] in need of ... ...需要...
have need to do sth.必须做某事
（2）n.需要, 必需in need of
Is there any need for you to do sth?
There is no need for [sb to do sth.
(3)常用复]需要的东西daily needs\ satisfy one's needs满足某人的需要\
练习 ：(1)他本不需要做这件事。
(2) 他们需要食物, 食物对一切生物是必不可少的。
(3) 没必要担忧。
(4) 你无需告诉他这一消息, 那只会使他悲哀。
3 raise vt .raised, raising
（1）抬高；举起
He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。
I will not raise a hand against you.我不会做任何不利于你的事。
（2）提高；增加
to raise salaries提高工资
to raise the rent提高租金
（3）招募
to raise an army招募一支军队
（4）养育；栽培
to raise a family供养一家人
（5）（常与up连用）提出
I wanted to raise a question to the chairman but in a moment I lost my nerve.
"我想向会议主席提一个问题,但立刻我又没有了勇气。"
（6）（常与up连用）建造；建立
to raise a memorial建造纪念碑
lift raise elevate辨析
都含“举起”的意思。
lift 指“用体力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度”, 如:
She can lift a pail of water from the ground.她能把一桶水提起来。
raise 与Lift 可换用, 但着重“垂直高举”或“将物件由较低处移至较高处的适宜位置, 以发挥应有的作用”, 如:
raise a flag.升旗。
elevate 指“提高(嗓子、思想等)”, 如:
Good reading elevates the mind.阅读好书可使思想高尚。
4 expect vt.
（1）预料；预期
I expect he'll pass the examination.我预料他会通过考试。
The chairman of the committee expect to be back next Thursday.委员会主席预计下星期四回来。
The first message is expected to arrive at 7 this evening.第一次信息预计在今晚7点到达。
（2）期望
The officer expected his men to do their duty.军官期望他的部下尽职。
The shop expect to make a small profit this year.这家店铺期望今年能赚点钱。
（3）以为；料想
‘Who broke that cup?’ I expect it was the cat.
“谁打破了杯子？”我看是猫打破的。
A: Is the famous singer going to give any performance at the evening party? B: I expect so.
甲:这位著名歌手在晚会上要表演节目的吧?乙:我想是吧。
I expect not.; I don't expect so.我认为不会。
（4）期待
Most of the parents expect much of their children.大多数父母都对自己的子女寄予很大希望。
习惯用语
as one might expect正如人们所预料的
as might have been expected (=as was expected)果然不出所料
expect sb. to be期望某人成为...
expect sth. of sb.对...的期望[要求]
5 （1）break away逃走；逃脱
Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules. (喻)
现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。
断裂；开裂
A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。
（2）break down破坏；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)据说和谈破裂了。
（机器）损坏
Our truck broke down outside town.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。
失败；破裂
Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。
精神崩溃；失去控制
He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。
起化学变化
Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。
（3）break in闯入；强行进入
The burglar broke in and stole my money.夜窃贼破门而入,偷了我的钱。
打断；插嘴
It's her usual habit to break in with some ideas of her own.他常常打断别人的话来发表自己的观点。
The telephone ring broke in on/upon my thoughts.电话铃声打断了我的思路。
（4）break into
闯入
The thieves broke into the office and stole some money.小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。
突然…起来
to break into song突然唱起歌来
The car windows broke into pieces when the two cars crashed into each other.
两辆车相撞时车上的窗玻璃破裂成碎片。
（5）break out
逃脱；逃出to break out of prison
突然发生
It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighbourhood.昨天快半夜了这儿附近发生了火灾。
（6）break through
突破
At last, those physicians and specialists broke through in their fight against heart disease.
那些内科医生和专家们终于在同心脏病的斗争中取得了突破。
（7）break up
分裂 结束；解散
The crowd started to break up when the night fell.天快黑时人群开始散开了。
The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.天气转暖,冰层就会破裂。
Their marriage broke up.他们的婚姻破裂了。
The police broke up the fighting crowd.警察驱散了打架的人群。
The company top meeting didn't break up until midnight.公司高层会议到半夜才结束。
The police broke up the fight among the two black gangs.
警察驱散了两个黑帮间的殴斗。
（学校）开始放假
When will you break up this winter?今年冬季你们什么时候放假?
6 volunteer
（1）n.志愿者
We want some volunteers to help paint the house.我们想要几个自愿帮助漆房屋的人。
（2）volunteer vt., vi.、（常与to连用）自愿去做，主动请求去做
Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts.
与此同时,许多大学生自愿在罢工持续期间去驾驶公共汽车。
（常与for连用）作为支愿者，志愿参军
volunteer their services; volunteer to give blood.志愿提供他们的服务；自愿献血
7 famine n.饥荒
die of famine饿死
goods famine商品奇缺
8 arrange vt.
排列, 分类, 整理I arranged books on the shelves.我把书架上的书整理好
商定, 约定I have arranged to meet her at ten o'clock.我约定在十点钟会见她
准备, 安排, 筹备I've arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.我已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
调解(纠纷), 处理arrange a quarrel[dispute, difference]调解争执[纠纷, 争论]
改编, 改写arrange a novel for the stage把小说改编成剧本
习惯用语：arrange for安排, 准备
arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事
9 starve vi., vt. starved, starving
饿死，使 饿死 饥饿，使饥饿
She's lonely, and starving for companionship. 她很寂寞，渴望友谊。
习惯用语：starve for (=be starved of)渴望; 极需; 缺乏
starve sb. into用饥饿迫使...
10 delight vt., vi.
给予乐趣；使人高兴
I was delighted to be invited to her party.我很高兴被邀请参加她的晚会。
（常与in连用）热衷于；引以为乐
She delights in cooking lovely meals.她以烹饪美食为乐。
Delight n. 乐趣；喜悦；欣喜
to laugh with delight高兴地大笑
习惯用语：take delight in喜爱, 以...为乐
to sb.'s delight令人高兴的是...
delight in喜爱, 以...为乐
11 aid vt.帮助, 援助, 救护, 接济
I aided him in his enterprise.我帮助他做这一事业。
Aid vi. 援助.接济.帮助
They aided in solving the problem.他们帮忙解决这个问题。
习惯用语：with the aid of借助于, 通过...的帮助
come to sb.'s aid前来[去]援助某人
first aid(对伤病人员的)急救
in aid of用以援助...; 作为援助...之用
lend one's aid to给予援助
12 appeal vi.
（1）呼吁；恳求
The government is appealing to everyone to save water.政府呼吁每个人节约用水。
（2）（常与to连用）吸引；引起兴趣
Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you?你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作?
（3）（与to连用）求助于
to appeal for aid
（与to连用）指出；引证，引…为证
（常与to连用）上诉；诉诸于
13 come to
（1）涉及；谈及
When it comes to politics I know nothing.谈到政治，我一无所知。
（2）获致；到达；结束
They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake.
他们得到的结论是他们犯了一个不可饶恕的错误。
The water came to my waist.水已达我的腰部。
（3）总共；共计
The bill came to $5.50.账款共计5美元50美分。
（4）突然想起
Suddenly the words of the song came to me.我猛然想起了这首歌的歌词。
（5）come to oneself恢复从容；恢复知觉，苏醒
14 pick up
（1）To take up (something) by hand:拿起用手拿起（某物）：
pick up a book.捡起一本书
（2）To collect or gather:收集或聚集：
picked up the broken pieces of glass.拾起玻璃碎片
（3）To tidy up:整理，收拾：
Let's pick up the living room.我们收拾一下卧室吧
（4）To take on (passengers or freight, for example):承载（客人，货物等）：
The bus picks up commuters at three stops.公共汽车在三个站载送通勤者
（5）To acquire casually or by accident:不经意得到随便或偶然地获得：
（6）To acquire (knowledge) by learning or experience:学得通过学习或经历获得（知识）：
picked up French very quickly.很快地学起法语来
（7）To buy:购买：
picked up some beverages on the way home.在回家的路上买些饮料
（8）To accept (a bill or charge) in order to pay it:付帐为买某物而付（款或账）：
Let me pick up the tab.我来付计程车的钱
（9）To come down with (a disease):染上（病）：
picked up a virus in the office.在办公室染上病毒
（10）To take into custody:监护，逮捕，拘捕：
The coast guard picked up five smugglers.海岸检查官拘捕了五个走私犯
（11）增加 pick up speed加速
15 （1）in hand Under control:在控制之：在手头, 现有, 在进行中; 在考虑中;
The project is well in hand.这项计划控制得很好
（2）off (one's) hands
We finally got that project off our hands.
我们最终使得那项计划不再归我们管
（3）on hand .可用的 在手头, 在手边; 现有 即将到来, 即将发生; [美]在场, 到场
（4）on (one's) hands or upon (one's) hands
In one's possession, often as an imposed responsibility or burden:
由某人负责归某人所有，经常指一种强加的责任或负担：
Now they have the grandchildren on their hands.
现在他们需要照管孙子
（5）on the other hand
As another point of view; from another standpoint.
从另一点来说；从另一个角度出发
（6）out of hand
（7）have a hand in干予, 参与, 插手
16 supply vt. -plied, -plying
（常与with连用）供给；提供
That company supplies paper to the printers.那家公司向印刷商提供纸张。
When money is in short supply many businesses fail."银根吃紧时,许多企业会倒闭。"
n. -plies储备；贮藏
Our supplies for this month are in the cupboard.我们这个月的生活用品在橱子里。
量 a large supply of food 大量的食物
供应量 ；(pl) 供给，供应
The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
习惯用语：have a good [large] supply of备有许多
in short supply供应不足
supply...for把...供给
supply ...with向...供应
17 closely adv.接近地 紧密地 严密地
The two things are closely interconnected.这两个事物是相互紧密地联系在一起的。
Close adv.接近地；紧密地 She came close to him.她走近他。
18 mark n.斑点；疤痕；
You have a dirty mark on your face.你脸上有个脏点。
痕迹；标志
It is dangerous to swim beyond this mark.游泳超出这个标志是危险的。
分数；点数
He got 90 marks for Chinese.他汉语考了90分。
The teacher gave me a good mark for my story.老师给了我的故事以好的评分。
(give sb.) full marks for (doing) sth.赞许；佩服
记号; 符号
Put a question mark at the end of that sentence.在那个句末划一个问号。
目标; 靶子
He fired but missed the mark.他开枪射击却没击中目标。
比较：sign
身势，姿势；
He made a sign for me to follow him.他向我示意跟着他（走）。
告示；标语； 牌示，牌子
The sign by the road said ‘No Parking'.路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。
迹象；征兆；征候
There are no signs of life about the house.这房子没有有人住的迹象。
signal
（为了警告、命令或报信而发 出的）信号，暗号
The railway signal showed that the train could pass.铁路的信号标志显示火车可以通过。
〈铁路〉信号灯交通管理色灯，红绿灯；（无线电或电视）讯号，图像
19 sensible adj.
明智的； 有判断力的
a sensible person; a sensible choice.通情达理的人；明智的抉择
If you are sensible ，you will study for another year.如果你明智的话，你就再学习一年。
That was sensible of you.你做得明智。
It’s sensible of sb to do sth.某人做某事很明智。
可感觉的；能注意到的
He is sensible of the danger of his position. 他发觉他处境危险。
I am sensible that a good deal more is still to be done”“我认识到还有许多事情要做”
辨析Sensitive adj.
（常与to连用）敏感的； 易感受的
She is sensitive to what people think of her.她很敏感人们对她是怎么想的。
（常与to连用）高精密度的（仪器）
20 common adj.
共同的, 公共的, 公有的, 普通的, 庸俗的, 伪劣的
习惯用语：have nothing in common (with)(与...)没有共同之处
in common共同， 共同享有的， 共同使用的
in common with和…一样
out of (the) common不寻常的， 特殊的
common interests.共同利益
the common people老百姓
common knowledge\sense常识
common characteristic共同特点
common beam标准天平； 标准
a common saying俗话
common ordinary general辨析
都含“普通的”意思。
common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”， 如：Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”， 如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”， 如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的， 不是为专家写的。
21 comment n.
评语；批评；评注；注释
add comments or explanations加注释或说明
He made a comment about the bad road.他对这条糟糕的路发表评论。
No comment!无可奉告!
Comment vi.（常与on, that连用） 评论；注释；批评
He commented on the bad road.他评论这条糟糕的路。
习惯用语：ask for comment征求意见
make comments on\ upon sth.评论某事
offer comments提意见
No comment .无可奉告。
without comment不必多说
comment on评论， 谈论， 对...提意见