1 betray vt.背叛, 出卖, 告密, 陷害(朋友等)；辜负, 不忠于；泄漏(秘密)
不自觉地露出, 暴露, 表现
betray one's country to the enemy卖国, 做卖国贼
Don't betray the people's trust in you.不要辜负人民对你的信任。
She was betrayed into a snare.她被诱入陷阱。
Confusion betrays the guilty.慌张显出有罪, 神色慌张必有鬼。
习惯用语：betray oneself
露出本来面目; 原形毕露
2 fun n.玩笑, 嬉戏; 娱乐, 乐趣；有趣的人[事物]；具有兴趣的或紧张的场面
be fond of fun爱闹着玩
be full of fun很好玩; 极有趣
Her baby is great fun.她的婴儿很好玩。
I dont see the fun of doing that.我并不觉得那样做有甚么好玩的。
习惯用语：for fun开玩笑, 不是认真的
for the fun of it为了取乐[好玩, 消遣]
great fun有趣的人[事物]
have fun (=do a bit of fun)作乐, 玩乐;
make fun of sb.嘲弄; 取笑
What fun !多么有趣。
3 mark n.斑点；疤痕；
You have a dirty mark on your face.你脸上有个脏点。
痕迹；标志
It is dangerous to swim beyond this mark.游泳超出这个标志是危险的。
分数；点数
He got 90 marks for Chinese.他汉语考了90分。
The teacher gave me a good mark for my story.老师给了我的故事以好的评分。
(give sb.) full marks for (doing) sth.赞许；佩服
记号; 符号
Put a question mark at the end of that sentence.在那个句末划一个问号。
目标; 靶子
He fired but missed the mark.他开枪射击却没击中目标。
比较：sign
身势，姿势；
He made a sign for me to follow him.他向我示意跟着他（走）。
告示；标语； 牌示，牌子
The sign by the road said ‘No Parking'.路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。
迹象；征兆；征候
There are no signs of life about the house.这房子没有有人住的迹象。
signal
（为了警告、命令或报信而发 出的）信号，暗号
The railway signal showed that the train could pass.铁路的信号标志显示火车可以通过。
〈铁路〉信号灯交通管理色灯，红绿灯；（无线电或电视）讯号，图像
4 ashamed adj
.羞愧的； 惭愧的
I behaved badly yesterday and I am ashamed (of myself) now.我昨天表现不好，我现在感到很惭愧。
耻于…的；不好意思…的
She was ashamed to ask such a simple question.她不好意思提这么简单的问题。
习惯用语：be ashamed of以为...是耻辱
be ashamed of oneself for害羞, 为...而害羞
feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth.以干...为耻
5 sure adj.
（常与of, that连用）确信的；肯定的
I am sure that I put the money in the box.我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。
Please make sure that the house is locked before you leave.请你确信是锁上房间后才离开的。
I'm not sure about the practicality of their plan.我还无法确定他们的那个计划的可行性如何。
（与to连用）一定的；必定的
We are sure to benefit from the new timetable.
我们肯定会得益于新的作息时间表。
There's sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house finds the window's broken.
房子的主人发现窗子被人打破时准会大吵大闹的。
Be sure not to forget it.千万不要忘记呀。
习惯用语：for sure Certainly; unquestionably:确切地；毫无疑问地：
We'll win for sure.我们肯定会获胜
make sure
To establish something without doubt; make certain:弄清楚；确保：
Make sure he writes it down.让他一定记下来
to be sure Indeed; certainly.确实；当然
Sure certain confident辨析
意思都含"确信的"。
sure强调"主观上确信无疑的"
如:I'm sure you don't mean it.我相信你是无意的。
certain指"有充分根据或理由而相信的",
如:This letter made me certain of his innocence.这封信使我相信他是无罪的。
confident 强调"对某人[物]坚信的或满怀信心的",
如:He's confident he will win.他深信他会赢。
6习惯用语：be determined to do sth.决心做某事
determine on决定
determine sb. against sth.使 某人决定不做某事
determine sb. to do sth.使某人决定做某事
习题1 。I have determined on [upon] going to the countryside after graduation.
我已决定毕业后到农村去。
2 He determined to go [that he (should) go] at once.他决心立刻就走。
3 His advice determined me to drink and smoke no more.他的劝告使我决定不再抽烟喝酒了。
4 He has not determined what he will study.他还没有决定学什么。
7 admit vt., vi. -tt-
许可进入，准许进入
This ticket admits two people to the football match.这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。
容纳, 容许
The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。
The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。
His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。
承认；供认
He admitted his crime.他招认了罪行。
He never admits that he is wrong.他从不承认自己错了。
John has admitted breaking the window.约翰已承认打碎了窗子。
习惯用语：admit of容许有; 有...可能; 容有...的余地
admit sb. to接纳某人进入...; 吸收某人参加...
例 admit sb. into the university获准入大学
admit acknowledge confess辨析
意都含“承认”的意思。
admit 通常指因外界压力、良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性, 含“不情愿”之意, 如:
I admit that she is right.我承认她是对的。
acknowledge 指“公开承认”, 常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事,如:
With so much evidence against him he had to acknowledge his error.在这么多的证据面前, 他不得不承认错误。
confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶, 因此有“忏悔”、“坦白”的含意, 如:
He has confessed his crime.他承认了自己的罪行(含坦白之意
8 word
have a word with sb.和某人谈一两句话, 和某人谈谈
have no words for sth.难以用言语形容某事
have words with和...争论[争吵]
in a \one word一句话, 总而言之
in other words换句话说, 也就是说
in word口头上
beyond words无法用语言表达
break one's word食言, 失信
keep one's word守信用, 履行诺言
eat one's words (被迫)收回前言, 承认说错
get word获得消息, 听说, 得知 \ leave word留言, 留下字条或口信
word for word逐词地；原原本本地
Tell me what she said, word for word.把她说的一五一十地告诉我。
9 forgive原谅, 饶恕; 宽恕
Please forgive me for being late. 请原谅我来晚了。
Please forgive me -- I didn't mean to be rude.请原谅我，我不是有意无礼的。
I'll never forgive you for what you have done wrong to your parents."你伤害了你的父母,我永远也不会原谅你。"
免除(债务等); 赦免
forgive sb. his debts
10 sense
un.意思，意义
There's no sense in waiting three hours. 等三小时是不合理的
感觉；知觉；感知
He has a good sense of smell.他的嗅觉很灵敏。
a sense of sight [hearing, smell, taste, touch]视觉[听觉, 嗅觉, 味觉, 触觉]
a sense of humour幽默感
a sense of duty责任感
the sense of locality [direction] 对方位[向]的识别力
理解力；鉴赏力；辨识力
A driver has a good sense / bump of locality.司机对于方位有很强的辨识力。
常用a man of sense有理智的人
common sense常识[理]
good sense通情达理
Sense v. To become aware of; perceive.感觉意识到；感觉
To grasp; understand.理解；领会
例 He sensed that his proposals were unwelcome.他觉得他的建议不受欢迎。
习惯用语：in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense决不是, 决非
in some sense在某种意义上
out of one's (right) sense失常, 失去理智, 神经错乱
make sense有 意义；意思清楚；有道理
make sense of理解；懂；明白
there is no [some] sense in doing...做...是没有[有一些]道理的[意义的]
11 apologize to sb.向某人道歉
apologize to sb. for sth.向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉
apologize to sb. for doing sth.向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉
apologize for oneself为自已解辩或辩护
例 I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。
I apologized to the chairman for being late.我因迟到向会议主席道歉。
Apology
offer an apology to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉
make an apology to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉
offer one's apology to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉
make one's apology to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉
12 bitter adj.(药等)苦味的, 苦涩的；辛酸的, 悲惨的；怀恨的; 抱怨的; 讥讽的
强烈的, 厉害的, 刺骨的, 严酷的
a bitter taste苦味 a bitter smile苦笑 bitter tears辛酸的眼泪 bitter remarks刻薄话, 恶毒的话 bitter discipline严格的训练 a bitter argument激烈的争论
adv. 非常, 剧烈, 厉害
a bitter cold night 严寒的一个夜晚
be bitter against强烈反对
13 fault n.
过失，过错
Who broke the cup? It's my fault, I dropped it.谁把杯子摔了？这是我的过错，我摔的。
That's no fault of his.这不是他的过错。
"The fault lies with me, not with you.""这是我的责任,不是你的责任。"
缺点；瑕疵
"There seems to be some fault in the computer, and we're just looking into it.""这台电脑好象有点毛病,我们正在检查原因。"
Your only fault is carelessness.你惟一的缺点是粗心大意。
习惯用语：at fault Deserving of blame; guilty:该受责备的；有罪的； 感到困惑; 不知所措
admitted to being at fault.承认有罪
find fault To seek, find, and complain about faults;挑错，找错寻找、发现和抱怨错处；批评：
found fault with his speech.挑他演讲的错
error mistake辨析
都含“错误”的意思。
error 强调“违反某一既定标准, 不经心而做了错事, 产生偏差、疏忽或行动上的错误”, 如:
an error in judgement 判断上的错误。
mistake 指“由于粗心、不注意或在理解、认识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误, 有时这种错误是无意的”, 如:
I used your pen by mistake.我错拿了你的钢笔。
14 stare凝视，注视
He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思
习惯用语：stare at 盯着看, 凝视
stare sb. down [out] 盯得人局促不安
stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人
15 blame n.过失, 责备
vt.责备, 谴责
The company is ready to take the blame for what had happened.公司准备对已发生的事情承担责任。
The children were not to blame.孩子们不应受到谴责。
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。
习惯用语：blame sb. for sth.因某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb.把...怪到...头上; 把某事的责任归咎于某人[事]
take the blame for…负过失的责任
be to blame for….应该受责
16 jealous adj.
嫉妒的；妒忌的
Sarah is Jane's friend but she is jealous if Jane plays with other girls.
萨拉是简的朋友，但是如果简和别的女孩子一起玩时，她就很嫉妒。
He is jealous of their success.他妒忌他们的成就。
（常与of连用）妒羡的；羡慕的
She is jealous of our success.她嫉妒我们的成就。
I was jealous of Sarah when she got her new bicycle.萨拉有了一辆新的自行车，我很羡慕她。
17 guilty adj.-ier, -iest
犯罪的；有罪的
to be guilty of a crime犯了罪 \guilty of cheating; the guilty party.犯诈骗罪；犯罪一方
内疚的；自觉有罪的
guilty look内疚的神色 to be guilty of 对…内疚的
习惯用语：be found guilty被判决有罪
be guilty of a crime犯了罪
bring sb. in guilty(陪审团)判定(某人)有罪
18 discourage vt. -aged, -aging
使丧失勇气；使气馁； 使沮丧
Don't let one failure discourage you, try again.不要因为一次失败就气馁，再试一试看。
"If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be discouraged.""如果你学习中遇到什么困难,不要灰心。"
试图阻止；阻拦；劝阻
The school teachers discourage smoking.学校老师不赞成吸烟。
His parents discouraged him from joining the airforce.他的父母亲劝他不要参加空军。
习惯用语：discourage from阻止[妨碍, 不鼓励]做...; 使失信心
19 doubt
n.怀疑；疑虑；未确定
There is no doubt that he is guilty.
毫无疑问，他是有罪的。
I have (my) doubts about whether he is the best man for the job.
我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。
vt. 怀疑; 不信; 拿不准(后接名词从句时, 疑问句和否定句用连词 that, but, but that, 肯定句一般用连接词 whether, if, what, when 等, 如肯定句用 that, 往往表示非常怀疑)
I doubt the truth of it. 我怀疑它的真实性。
I doubt that he will come.我看他不见得会来。
I doubt whether [if] he is at home.我看他不一定在家。
I do not doubt (but) that he can recite it.我相信他能把它背下来。
I doubt what he said.我不相信他说的话。
习惯用语：beyond doubt[常作插入语]毫无疑问
without doubt 必定；无疑
throw doubt on对...产生怀疑, 使人对...产生怀疑
20 ruin
n.衰败；毁灭；瓦解；fall into ruin破败不堪
[pl. ]废墟, 遗迹;We saw the ruins of the church.我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。
破产 the ruin of his hopes他的希望的破灭
vt.使破产; 使堕落;破坏, 毁灭；使成废墟
ruin one's hopes使希望破灭
The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
习惯用语：be the ruin of成为...毁灭[堕落]的原因
bring sb. to ruin使某人失败; 使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡
go\ fall \come to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
in ruins成为废墟
ruin oneself毁掉自己
21 anxious
adj. 忧虑的；焦虑的， 不安的
We are all anxious about/for his safety.我们都为他的安全而忧虑。
渴望的
We are anxious that he (should) do his bit.我们非常希望他能尽到自己的本分。
She was anxious to please the smart kid.她很想讨好那潇洒的小伙子。
He is anxious to enter for the competition.他很想去参加比赛
习惯用语：be anxious about忧虑, 担心, 害怕(结果)
anxious for sth.渴望有(得到)
辨析Eager anxious
eager指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的的”, 有时也指“由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的”, 如:
He was eager to see her.他渴望见到她。
意思都含“渴望的”。anxious 指“热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的”, 如:
l'm anxious to know the final result.我急于想知道最后的结果。
22 suffer
vt.遭[蒙, 经]受；忍受, 忍耐
suffer pain受痛苦 suffer hunger挨饿
I will not suffer such conduct.我不能容忍这种行为。
She could not suffer criticism.她受不了批评。
I can not suffer you to be idle.我不能让你偷懒。
Suffer vi.
受苦[难] 患病(from)
suffer from cold and hunger饥寒交迫
suffer from floods遭受水灾
His business suffered greatly during the war.他的生意在战争中蒙受了重大损失。
The child suffers from measles.这小孩得了麻疹。
23 absorb vt.
吸收（液体）；承受；承担
We will not absorb these charges. 我们不能承担这些费用。
吸取（知识）；占有
This job absorbs all of my time.这件工作占有了我的全部时间。
吸引；使专心；使全神贯注
to absorb in study专心研读
The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
作家全神贯注地进行写作,忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。
并吞；兼并
to absorb the small states兼并小国
习惯用语： be absorbed by被...吞并, 为...所吸收
be absorbed in全神贯注在..., 一心从事, 热衷于
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
24consistent adj. 一致的, 一贯的， 始终如一的（常与with连用）与…一致的
This statement is not consistent with what you said at yesterday's meeting.
这个说法与你昨天会上的发言不相符。
be a consistent friend to sb.是某人的忠实朋友
25 base vt. based, basing
（与on, upon连用）根据；基于
Advertisements based on these facts have been printed in newspapers and magazines but have not helped much.根据这些情况拟定的广告词登载在报纸和杂志上,但是效果不大。
This news report is based entirely on fact.这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。
Judgment should be based on facts, not on hearsay.
判断应该以事实为依据,而不应该依靠道听途说。
One should always base one's opinions on facts.意见应以事实为根据。
26 variety n.-ties
种种；各类
The shopping-centre sells a variety of goods.这个购物中心出售许多种商品。
At school we learn a variety of things.在学校我们学习各种东西。
（与of连用）变种
new varieties of wheat小麦的新品种
习惯用语：a (considerable, great, wide)variety of各种各样的, 品类繁多的
for a variety of reasons因种种理由
27 hesitate vi.
踌躇; 迟疑.犹豫；不欲, 不愿
hesitate at nothing毫不犹豫地做某事
In case you need something, please don't hesitate to ask me.
如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。
He who hesitates is lost.[谚]当断不断, 必受其患。
"Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window."
"尽管她迟疑了片刻,但最后还是进了店,并且要求给她拿一件陈列在橱窗里的衣服看看。"
She hesitated over the choice between the two blouses for her daughter.
这两件短恤衫她拿不定主意究竞挑哪一件给她女儿。
28 get on相处融洽
继续 Get on with your work!继续工作吧。
成功to get on in one's job在事业上取得成功
上车[马]; 穿[安]上
过日子, 生活(情况)
get over
做完；结束；熬过
You'll be glad to get your operation over.手术做完了你一定会高兴的。
痊愈，康复
It took me a long time to get over my cold.我的感冒过了很久才好。
克服
Can we get over this difficulty?我们能克服这个困难吗？
get through
接通（电话）
办完；完成；了结
（使议案在议会）通过
29embarrass vt.
使窘迫, 使困惑, 使为难
使(问题)复杂化
be [feel] embarrassed局促不安
The decline of sales embarrassed the company.销路下降使公司陷于财政困难。
Embarrassed by his heavy luggage, he could not walk fast.由于受到重行李的拖累, 他走不快。
习惯用语：embarrass sb with sth
embarrass sb by doing sth 通过做。。。使某人窘迫
30 attitude n.
态度
People's attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.人们对这些摩天大楼的态度很不相同。
看法；意见
What's the authorities' attitude towards this discord?当局对这次争端有什么看法?。
31 regardless
adj.（与of连用）不管…的；不顾…的
He says what he thinks, regardless of other people's feelings.
他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。
adv.无论如何；不管；不顾
I must make the decision regardless.不管怎样我得做决定。
32 lie with
To be decided by, dependent on, or up to:由…决定，取决于，视…而定：
The choice lies with you. 你来做出选择
语法 不定式 动名词（略）