【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．govern vt. & vi.统治;控制;治理
The mayor governed the city very wisely.
Self interest governs all his actions.
government n.政府，政体，统治；governor总督，省长，主管人员；the governing class统治阶级；the governing body董事会，理事会
2． as a consequence (of)作为（……的）结果
As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.
As a consequence, the bitterest race hatrads broke out in Hungary.
类似表达：in (as a) consequence of由于……，因……;as a result of因……
3．break out(火灾、疾病、战争、暴乱等)突然发生
break away from脱离；放弃（习惯等）；打破（陈规）
break into破门而入；突然……起来
break in闯入；打断
break up拆散；分裂；分解
break down毁掉；垮；身体垮下来
break off折断，打断
用法注意：break out一般不用于被动语态和进行时。
4．round up聚拢；征集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.
The teacher asked for the whole class to be rounded up.
5．classify vt.编排；分类
classify sth. according to/by sth.依据……分类
classify sb./sth. as归入……类；分等级
classify sb./sth. in/into…把……归为……类
The books in the library are classified by subject.
6．promote v.使晋升；促进；设立；发起
promote sb. to sth.提升，擢升某人
promote foreign trade促进对外贸易
promote a new product促销新产品
7．reward n. vt.报答；报酬；给报酬，奖赏
ask for reward不图报酬
give a reward to sb. for sth.为某事给某人报酬
offer a reward of…给酬金……
as a reward for…作为对……的酬谢
reward sb. for sth./doing sth.因……报答某人
reward sb. with/by…用……酬谢某人
8．pass away去世，逝世
pass by走过；经过；忽视
pass sth. down(常用于被动语态)一代一代传下去
pass sth. on(to sb.)将某物传交给（某人）
pass through sth.经历（一段时间）
二、词义辨析
1． respect, honour与regard
辨析：respect, honour与regard
（1）respect尊敬，正式用语，指对父母、年长者、正直的人、学者、法律等的尊敬或敬重。
如：
He respects his parents.他尊敬父母。
（2）honour尊敬，非常尊敬（＝respect highly）指对君主、长辈、父母、贵人、德高之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。
如：
He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。
（3）regard尊敬，指对父母、他人的感情、法律等的尊敬。
We all regard our English teacher highly.我们都很尊敬我们的英语老师。
2．be sure of与be sure to do
be sure of(或that)主语是人，主语感到“有把握，确信”
be sure to do主语可以是人或物，表示说话人推测“一定，必然会”。
如：
He is sure of his success.=He is sure that he will succeed.
他确信他会成功。（主语He的信念）
He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。（说话人的意见）
It is sure to rain.天准会下雨。
三、重点句型
1．It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognise the importance of a diverse society.
很多年之后澳大利亚人才开始尊重土著人，并且意识到多样性社会的重要性。
It would(will) be +段时间+until+从句是一个句型，表示“过多长时间才……”。
如：
It would be 10 years until he knew the truth
十年之后他才得知真相。
It will be 10 years until you understand
十年后你才会明白。
2．In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska), which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.
从面积上说，它大约同美国（不包括阿拉斯加）相当，而美国的人口却是澳大利亚的十四倍多。
As many people 后面省掉了 it has. 注意倍数表达法。
如A是B的X倍，可表示如下：
A be x times the size/height/length…of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 times bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher than B by x-1 times
3．In his youth Charles Darwin enjoyed all the freedom to experiment and do whatever he liked.
在年轻时代，查理斯达尔文可以自由地做试验及他喜欢做的任何事。
Whatever he liked 引导宾语从句，作do的宾语。
四、语法复习
1．表语
（一）表语的定义
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
（二）表语的表现形式
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不式式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
（1）名词
Our teacher of English is an American.我们的英语老师是美国人。
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。
（2）代词
Is this yours?这是你的吗？
That’s all I want to tell you.我要告诉你的就是这些。
（3）形容词
The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我到过的最美丽的城市。
（4）分词
The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。
（5）数词
Three times seven is twenty瞣ne.3乘7等于21。
He is always the first to enter the office.他总是第一个进办公室。
（6）不定式
His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英语。
Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.他们的计划是一周内完成这项实验。
（7）动名词
His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。
My wish is studying law in a university.我的愿望是在大学学习法律。
（8）介词短语
The machine must be out of order.机器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。
（9）副词
Time is up. The class is over.时间到了，下课。
My father isn’t in. He is out.我父亲不在家，他出去了。
（10）表语从句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
实际情况是他从未出过国。
2．宾语
（一）宾语的定义
宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者，用在及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词之后。可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、名词化的形容词、瞚ng分词短语、从句等。
（二）宾语的表现形式
（1）名词
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本字典。
（2）代词
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
那场大雨使我未能准时到校上学。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
（3）数词
-How many dictionaries do you have?你有几本字典？
-I have five.我有5本。
（4）名词化的形容词或分词
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.他们昨天帮助老年人做家务。
We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.
我们应该立刻把伤员送进医院。
（5）不定式（短语）
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn?t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
（6）动名词（短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听游行音乐。
He practises speaking English every day.他每天练习讲英语。
（7）从句
I think (that) he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.他问我班上谁的发音最好。
（三）宾语的种类
（1）直接宾语
直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。
Lend me your dictionary, please.请把你的字典借给我。
Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station?
对不起，请问到火车站怎么走？
（2）间接宾语
间接宾语表示动作所向的或所为的人或物，通常指人。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可位于直接宾语之后，但此时在它的前面须加介词to。
The company sent us a few computers last year.公司去掉给我们送了几台计算机。
He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.昨天他送给我一份生日礼物。
（3）复合宾语
有些动词除了跟有宾语外，还需要一个词来说明宾语的身份或状态，以补充其意义的不足，这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语一起就叫做复合宾语，它们在逻辑上有主谓关系。如果直接宾语是不定式、动名词或从句，常用it作形式宾语。
They elected him their monitor.他们选他当班长。（代词+名词）
I found the baby always happy.我发现这个婴儿总是很愉快的。（名词+形容词）
The next day he found himself in the hospital when he waked.
当他第二天醒来时发现自己在医院里。（代词+介词短语）
I often ask him to help me with my English.我经常请他帮助我学英语。
（代词+动词不定式）
I find it easy to answer this question.我发现回答这个问题是容易的。
（it作形式宾语）
（4）介词宾语
位于介词后面的宾语称做介词宾语。
In our school about three瞗ourths of the students are from the north.
我们学校3/4的学生来自北方。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] It is reported that the United States uses _______ energy as the whole of Europe.
A．as twice B．twice much C．twice much as D．twice as much
[解析] Ｄ 本题考查倍数表达法。考比较等级及修饰语，表分数、倍数、百分数的修饰语一般应放在比较等级的前面。详见前面解释。
[考例2] You were silly not _______ your car.
A．to lock B．to have locked C．locking D．having locked
[解析] Ｄ 考非谓语动词，由句意可知lock your car的动作应该业已完成，故选择D项。
[考例3] It was a pity that the great writer died ________ his works unfinished.
A．for B．with C．from D．of
[解析] Ｂ 考查with的复合结构。with+名词+过去分词通常在句中作伴随状语。
[考例4] Don’t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A．Taking B．To take C．Take D．Taken
[解析] Ｃ 祈使句+and+将来时态的句子＝if条件句+将来时态的句子。
[考例5] Before building a house, you will have to ______ the government’s permission.
A．get from B． follow C．receive D．ask for
[解析] Ｄ ask for permission是固定词组，意为“征求许可；征得同意。”
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．Her ______(同伴) share her interest in computers.
2．The airplane’s _______ (目的地) is Pairs.
3．T______ this sentence into the passive.
4．Chinese is his _______(长项).
5．He has a poor French ______(词汇量).
6．What is the usual ______ (手续) for setting up a new school?
7．Exercise gave me an ______(食欲).
8．The teacher______ (计算) the average mark of the class.
9．They are preparing for war on a large______ (规模).
10．Never judge a man by his ______(外貌).
二、单项选择
1．Every government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must accept the______ .
A．consequences B．endings C．results D．outcome
2．In the first several years of our economic reform, many military factories have been ______ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.
A．altered B．converted C．transmitted D．transformed
3．People in New York ______ that their city is the most vital city in the world.
A．announce B． claim C．state D．pronounce
4．She ______ her sister in appearance but not in character.
A．looks B． compares C． resembles D．equals
5．The two sides in the dispute still differ ______ each other ______ the question of pay.
A．with; over B．with; in C．over; with D．on; over
6．We should make a clear _______ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
A．distinction B． discrimination C．deviation D．separation
7．It was said that she was going abroad at her own ______.
A．money B．expense C．fund D．charge
8． ______ energy must be released in one form or another, for example, and earthquake.
A．Gathered B．Collected C．Accumulated D．Assembled
9．In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ______ .
A．power B．privilege C．program D．promotion
10．Because of his achievements in the last year, John was ______ to a higher position.
A． risen B．promoted C．lifted D．grown
【能力拓展】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Sitting is an art that isn’t getting passed along. People these days feel as though they have to be doing something. If they are not working, they are jogging, or playing tennis or golf, or taking courses to improve their minds or bodies-or they are parked in front of the TV. Sitting in front of the TV isn’t sitting-it’s watching.
People used to sit a whole lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be, out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the bench out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were sitting benches out in the town square. At the garage, there were straight-backed chairs. There among the oil cans and tires and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.
Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown-ups would go after Sunday dinner. Mom and Dad, Grandpa and Aunt Ruby would sit and digest(消化) the fried chicken and talk about Aunt Ethel’s illness, and how well the minister did today. Outside, the children would play, and the afternoon would pass by in a comfortable haze(悠闲的氛围 ).
That sort of thing looks like doing nothing. A recharging battery(正充电的电池)doesn’t look as if it’s doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul. If you want to enjoy a truly full life, don’t just do something-sit there.
1．What message does the author try to get through to us?
A．People should make better use of their sitting room.
B．People should spend less time watching TV.
C．People should pass down their good habits.
D．People should take things easy for their own good.
2．We can learn from the second paragraph that______ .
A．people lived a more restful life in the past
B．towns were built to make living convenient
C．small town garages had a lot to offer
D．people enjoyed going out for a drive
3．The sitting room mentioned in the text used to be a place for ______ .
A．eating food B．watching TV
C．gathering together D．playing with children
4． From the text we know the writer believes ______ .
A．sitting has a good spiritual effect
B．sitting helps people remember the past
C．a sitting room may have different purposes
D．a sitting room is important for the old
参考答案
高三部分
Units 3~4 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．fellows 2．destination 3．Transform 4．strength 5．vocabulary 6．procedure
7．appetite 8． calculated 9． scale 10．appearance
二、1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1-5 DACA
1．D 根据文章最后一段可知。
2．A 人们过去过着一种比较安逸的生活。
3．C 根据第三段的内容Mom and Dad, Grandpa and…
4．A 根据文章最后一段Sitting restores your soul可知。